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Not AvailableToxicological investigations of organophosphate pesticide profenofos exposed to a freshwater fish, Channa punctatus by using haematological parameters. On the basis of calculated valves of LC 50 of profenofos in the fish 15 days laboratory acclimatized fishes were divided into three groups and exposed to three test concentrations of profenofos viz., sublethal-I (1/4th of LC 50), sublethal-II (1/2nd of LC 50) and sublethal-III (3/4th of LC 50). The blood sampling was done at regular intervals of 24 h for assessment of heamatological indices. Some notable changes were recorded which include red blood cells (RBC) count, white blood cells (WBC) count, haemoglobin percentage and clotting time (CT). The significant decrease in RBC count, Hb %, and CT and increase in total leukocyte count is suggestive of noxious nature of the pesticide for the fish C. punctatus. The observed haematological responses may be used as non-specific biomarkers in the field of eco-toxicology.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableCyprinion semiplotum (order: Cypriniformes; family: Cyprinidae) is endemic to Southern Asia and has limited distribution in rivers of Eastern Himalayan region. It has an important role in ecology and is an important source of nutritious food and livelihood to the local people. In the recent past, the population of this species has declined due to various anthropogenic factors, and consequently, it has been categorized under vulnerable species. Genetic stock structure information would be useful to formulate appropriate management and conservation measures. The present study is carried out to characterize the Cyprinion semiplotum stocks collected from selected rivers in the state of Arunachal Pradesh, India, using mitochondrial ATPase 6/8 gene. A total of 14 haplotypes were found with nucleotide diversity in the range of 0.0013–0.0028. The result of AMOVA analysis also revealed that 99.44% of the genetic variation contained within stocks/populations and 0.56% occurred among populations/stocks. The results of the present study indicated that C. semiplotum stocks in north eastern part of India have low genetic differentiation and may be considered as a single panmictic population.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableCyprinion semiplotum (order: Cypriniformes; family: Cyprinidae) is endemic to Southern Asia and has limited distribution in rivers of Eastern Himalayan region. It has an important role in ecology and is an important source of nutritious food and livelihood to the local people. In the recent past, the population of this species has declined due to various anthropogenic factors, and consequently, it has been categorized under vulnerable species. Genetic stock structure information would be useful to formulate appropriate management and conservation measures. The present study is carried out to characterize the Cyprinion semiplotum stocks collected from selected rivers in the state of Arunachal Pradesh, India, using mitochondrial ATPase 6/8 gene. A total of 14 haplotypes were found with nucleotide diversity in the range of 0.0013–0.0028. The result of AMOVA analysis also revealed that 99.44% of the genetic variation contained within stocks/populations and 0.56% occurred among populations/stocks. The results of the present study indicated that C. semiplotum stocks in north eastern part of India have low genetic differentiation and may be considered as a single panmictic population.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableGenotoxicity was assessed in Channa punctatus, collected during different seasons by using micronuclei test. The results showed that there was seasonal variation in frequency of micronuclei in C. punctatus. It was 0.15′ 0.06%(maximum) during spring season and nil in monsoon season.Not Availabl

<span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-GB">Assessment of pollution of river Ganges by tannery effluents using genotoxicity biomarkers in murrel fish, <i>Channa punctatus</i> (Bloch)</span>

476-483<span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" mangal;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-GB">River pollution due to rapid industrialization and anthropogenic activities adversely affects the aquatic organisms, especially fish. Here, we assessed the genotoxicity, mutagenicity and bioaccumulative aspects of tannery effluents in freshwater murrel, Channa punctatus<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic">, an inhabitant of river Gange. Test specimens were collected from three different polluted sites of the river within and nearby Kanpur area during different seasons and blood samples of these specimens were processed for comet assay and micronucleus test as genotoxicity biomarkers. A significantly (P <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"> <0.05) higher micronuclei induction, nuclear abnormalities and % tail DNA was observed in the specimens collected from the polluted sites. Bioaccumulation studies in the muscle (1.202 µg/g) and gill tissues (of the specimens revealed the concentration of chromium (core component of tanning industry) above the maximum permissible limits as prescribed by World Health Organization (WHO). The findings of the present analysis indicated contamination of river Ganges with tannery effluents which induce genotoxicity in fish with seasonal variation.</span

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Not AvailableDanio rerio, zebrafish, has been widely used as a non-mammalian vertebrate model organism in various studies. The present research describes to develop and characterize a new cell line from a wild strain Indian zebrafish native to Brahmaputra River, Assam, India. The new cell line designated as DRCF was developed from the caudal fin of D. rerio. The cell line was successfully subcultured up to 31 passages. Growth studies revealed that cell growth of DRCF was optimal at 28 °C in L-15 medium supplemented with 20% FBS. Molecular characterization of the DRCF cell line using mitochondrial genes namely cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI) and 16S rRNA authenticated the true origin of the cell line. The chromosome analysis of the DRCF cell line expressed its 50 diploid chromosome number of D. rerio. The immunocytochemical characterization of the cell line exhibited its fibroblastic morphology. The expression of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) following transfection revealed the suitability of the cell line for transfection studies.Not Availabl

Assessment of pollution of river Ganges by tannery effluents.

River pollution due to rapid industrialization and anthropogenic activities adversely affects the aquatic organisms, especially fish. Here, we assessed the genotoxicity, mutagenicity and bioaccumulative aspects of tannery effluents in freshwater murrel, Channa punctatus, an inhabitant of river Ganges. Test specimens were collected from three different polluted sites of the river within and nearby Kanpur area during different seasons and blood samples of these specimens were processed for comet assay and micronucleus test as genotoxicity biomarkers. A significantly (P <0.05) higher micronuclei induction, nuclear abnormalities and % tail DNA was observed in the specimens collected from the polluted sites. Bioaccumulation studies in the muscle (1.202 μg/g) and gill tissues (<0.300 μg/g) of the specimens revealed the concentration of chromium (core component of tanning industry) above the maximum permissible limits as prescribed by World Health Organization (WHO). The findings of the present analysis indicated contamination of river Ganges with tannery effluents which induce genotoxicity in fish with seasonal variation.Uttar Pradesh Council of Science & Technology (UP-CST), Lucknow

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Not AvailableIn the present study, cytogenetic and molecular characterization of four ornamental marine fish species, namely Chaetodon collare, Plectorhinchus gibbosus, Scarus ghobban and Siganus canaliculatus inhabiting Arabian Sea, were carried out. Karyotype analyses of these species revealed diploid chromosome number 48 with all acrocentric, except in S. ghobban having karyotypic formula of 10m+4sm+12st+22t. Chromosomal configuration of C. collare, P. gibbosus and S. canaliculatus indicated more or less similar genetic makeup among them, than that of S. ghobban. Analyses of ITS 2 region in these species indicated phylogenetic closeness of P. gibbosus with S. ghobban and C. collare with S. canaliculatus with an average evolutionary divergence of 6.8% among them.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAfter the discovery of Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) in birds in 2000, it showed different roles in different vertebrate classes and even in different species of same classes. In birds and mammals, GnIH inhibits the expression of gonadotropins during reproduction, while in fishes it exerts both inhibitory and stimulatory effect on reproduction. The current study evaluates the role of GnIH during reproduction in Labeo catla. The partial cDNA sequence of GnIHR1 and GnIHR3 receptor genes was identified by degenerate PCR. The mRNA expression analysis of GnIHRs during different reproductive phases showed that the expression of all three GnIH receptor genes is highest during spawning phase. The expression of GnIH receptors is detected in both brain and gonads except for GnIHR3 which only expressed in gonads. The in vivo experiments with GnIH antagonist, RF313 drastically reduced the expression level of reproduction related genes like LH, FSH, and GnRH at 1 h post- injection. In another experiment the surge induced by cGnIH-III peptide on gonadotropins gene expression is further increased when co-injected with LHRHa. However, co-injection of melatonin along with cGnIH-III pep- tide had opposite effects. These results showed that the GnIH/GnIHRs system has positive effect on reproduction in L. catla.Not Availabl