7,126 research outputs found
Technological Innovation and Inclusive Growth in Germany. Bertelsmann Stiftung Inclusive Growth for Germany|18
Economic growth in Germany is no longer as inclusive as it
used to be. Between 1990 and 2010 all measures of income
and wealth inequality rose considerably,1 which even led the
media to portray Germany as a ādivided nationā.2 Income
inequality was relatively low before 1990, and even declined
over much of the 20th century, but changed direction after
German unification.
The rise in income inequality from 1990 onwards is
depicted in Figure 1 through various inequality indicators
and the āat-risk-of-poverty rateā. It can be seen that
all measures of income inequality (before and after tax)
increased markedly after 1990 along with the āat-risk-ofpoverty
rateā.3 Felbermayr et al. (2014) furthermore document
that the rise in wage inequality was faster in Germany
than in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada
between the mid-1990s and 2010. This rise in income
and wage inequality has been accompanied, and to a certain
extent occasioned, by a simultaneous increase in wealth
inequality. Using data from the Socio-Economic Panel
(SOEP), Frick and Grabka (2009) show, that the Gini coefficient
for wealth increased from 0.77 to 0.80 during this
period, and wealth grew particularly strongly at the top 1
percent of the wealth distribution
R friendly multi-threading in C++
Calling multi-threaded C++ code from R has its perils. Since the R
interpreter is single-threaded, one must not check for user interruptions or
print to the R console from multiple threads. One can, however, synchronize
with R from the main thread. The R package RcppThread (current version 0.5.3)
contains a header only C++ library for thread safe communication with R that
exploits this fact. It includes C++ classes for threads, a thread pool, and
parallel loops that routinely synchronize with R. This article explains the
package's functionality and gives examples of its usage. The synchronization
mechanism may also apply to other threading frameworks. Benchmarks suggest
that, although synchronization causes overhead, the parallel abstractions of
RcppThread are competitive with other popular libraries in typical scenarios
encountered in statistical computing
Understanding the Internet's relevance to media ownership policy: a model of too many choices
Does the Internet provide a failsafe against media consolidation in the wake of an easing of media ownership rules? This paper posits a model of news outlet selection on the Internet in which consumers experience cognitive costs that increase with the number of options faced. Consistent with psychological evidence, these costs may be reduced by constraining oneās choice set to āsafe betsā familiar from offline (e.g., CNN.com). It is shown that, as the number of outlets grows, dispersion of consumer visitation across outlets inevitably declines. Consequently, independent Internet outlets may fail to mitigate lost outlet independence on other media.Choice framing; Media ownership; Internet; Differentiated products; Location models
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