Renormalization Group in 2+ϵ2+\epsilon Dimensions and ϵ→2\epsilon\to2: A simple model analysis

Using a simple solvable model, i.e., Higgs--Yukawa system with an infinite number of flavors, we explicitly demonstrate how a dimensional continuation of the $\beta$ function in two dimensional MS scheme {\it fails\/} to reproduce the correct behavior of the $\beta$ function in four dimensions. The mapping between coupling constants in two dimensional MS scheme and a conventional scheme in the cutoff regularization, in which the dimensional continuation of the $\beta$ function is smooth, becomes singular when the dimension of spacetime approaches to four. The existence of a non-trivial fixed point in $2+\epsilon$ dimensions continued to four dimensions $\epsilon\to2$ in the two dimensional MS scheme is spurious and the asymptotic safety cannot be imposed to this model in four dimensions.Comment: 15 pages, PHYZZX. English is improved, some references are adde

Axial anomaly with the overlap-Dirac operator in arbitrary dimensions

We evaluate for arbitrary even dimensions the classical continuum limit of the lattice axial anomaly defined by the overlap-Dirac operator. Our calculational scheme is simple and systematic. In particular, a powerful topological argument is utilized to determine the value of a lattice integral involved in the calculation. When the Dirac operator is free of species doubling, the classical continuum limit of the axial anomaly in various dimensions is combined into a form of the Chern character, as expected.Comment: 9 pages, uses JHEP.cls and amsfonts.sty, the final version to appear in JHE

イヌ小腸壁内平滑筋層における収縮,弛緩反応の不均一性

金沢大学薬学部研究課題/領域番号:61771872, 研究期間(年度):1986出典：研究課題「イヌ小腸壁内平滑筋層における収縮,弛緩反応の不均一性」課題番号61771872（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-61771872/）を加工して作

Peak reduction technique in commutative algebra

The "peak reduction" method is a powerful combinatorial technique with applications in many different areas of mathematics as well as theoretical computer science. It was introduced by Whitehead, a famous topologist and group theorist, who used it to solve an important algorithmic problem concerning automorphisms of a free group. Since then, this method was used to solve numerous problems in group theory, topology, combinatorics, and probably in some other areas as well. In this paper, we give a survey of what seems to be the first applications of the peak reduction technique in commutative algebra and affine algebraic geometry.Comment: survey; 10 page

Progressive renal fibrosis in murine polycystic kidney disease: An immunohistochemical observation

Progressive renal fibrosis in murine polycystic kidney disease: An immunohistochemical observation.BackgroundThe appearance of interstitial fibrosis in polycystic kidneys is emblematic of progressive disease. Matrix forming this scar tissue is derived from local renal cells in response to cystogenesis. We investigated the phenotype of collagen-producing cells in the cystic kidneys of DBA/2-pcy mice to better characterize the spectrum of interstitial cells associated with renal fibrogenesis.MethodsThe extent of interstitial fibrosis and the number of fibroblasts in cystic kidneys were first quantitated over time using computer-assisted image analysis. Subsequently, antisera to four cell protein markers were studied by coexpression immunohistochemistry during progression of fibrosis using confocal microscopy. The antisera included fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP1) for fibroblast phenotype, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) for contractile phenotype, vimentin (VIM) for mesenchymal phenotype, and heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) for interstitial collagen-producing phenotype.ResultsInterstitial fibrosis in cystic kidneys gradually increased throughout the 30-week observation period of our study. With progression of cystogenesis, most of the tubules in pcy mice either dilated or disappeared with time. FSP1+ fibroblasts were distributed sparsely throughout the renal interstitium of young pcy and wild-type mice. Their number increased in the widening fibrotic septa by 18 weeks of age and persisted through 30 weeks of the study interval. Some epithelia among remnant tubules trapped within fibrotic septa around adjacent cysts also acquired the phenotype of FSP1+, HSP47+ collagen-producing fibroblasts, suggesting a possible role for epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) in this process. Most FSP1+ fibroblasts were α-SMA-, but HSP47+, suggesting they were producing collagen proteins for the extracellular matrix. α-SMA+, FSP1-, HSP47+ or HSP47- cells were also observed, and the latter tended to distribute independently in a linear pattern, reminiscent of vasculature adjacent to forming cysts. VIM+ expression was not observed in α-SMA+ cells.ConclusionsMany nonoverlapping as well as fewer overlapping populations of FSP1+ and α-SMA+ cells shared in the collagen expression associated with progressive fibrogenesis in pcy mice undergoing cystogenesis. Some FSP1+ fibroblasts are likely derived from tubular epithelium undergoing EMT, while αSMA+, VIM- cells probably represent vascular smooth muscle cells or pericytes surviving vessel attenuation during the chaos of fibrogenesis. Importantly, not all interstitial cells producing collagens are α-SMA+

Crystal structure of a novel JmjC-domain-containing protein, TYW5, involved in tRNA modification

Wybutosine (yW) is a hypermodified nucleoside found in position 37 of tRNAPhe, and is essential for correct phenylalanine codon translation. yW derivatives widely exist in eukaryotes and archaea, and their chemical structures have many species-specific variations. Among them, its hydroxylated derivative, hydroxywybutosine (OHyW), is found in eukaryotes including human, but the modification mechanism remains unknown. Recently, we identified a novel Jumonji C (JmjC)-domain-containing protein, TYW5 (tRNA yW-synthesizing enzyme 5), which forms the OHyW nucleoside by carbon hydroxylation, using Fe(II) ion and 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) as cofactors. In this work, we present the crystal structures of human TYW5 (hTYW5) in the free and complex forms with 2-OG and Ni(II) ion at 2.5 and 2.8 Å resolutions, respectively. The structure revealed that the catalytic domain consists of a β-jellyroll fold, a hallmark of the JmjC domains and other Fe(II)/2-OG oxygenases. hTYW5 forms a homodimer through C-terminal helix bundle formation, thereby presenting a large, positively charged patch involved in tRNA binding. A comparison with the structures of other JmjC-domain-containing proteins suggested a mechanism for substrate nucleotide recognition. Functional analyses of structure-based mutants revealed the essential Arg residues participating in tRNA recognition by TYW5. These findings extend the repertoire of the tRNA modification enzyme into the Fe(II)/2-OG oxygenase superfamily

A study of dependence tendency on friend and parents-child relationship in adolescence

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dependence tendency associated with the interpersonal relationship and the parents-child relationship in adolescence. Subjects were 398 undergraduate students, who were asked to perform a set of questionnaires on dependence tendency and parents-child relationship. The results of this study showed that sex differences, existence of sibling, wether living with parents, and school year affect on their dependence tendency and parents-child relationship

Antimicrobial Ointments and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300

We tested 259 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates and 2 USA300 ATCC type strains for susceptibility to bacitracin and neomycin contained in over-the-counter antibacterial ointments. Resistance to both bacitracin and neomycin was found only in USA300. The use of over-the counter antimicrobial drugs may select for the USA300 clone

On the quality of raw milk utilized in Okayama prefacture. : Bacterial count.

Bacterial investigation has been performed as the previous report. Coli form bacteria was determined by positive Presumptive test with desoxycholate agar. Total bacterial count was represented with individual count (IMC) and clump count (CMC) by direct microscopic method. The ratio of IMC/CMC was calculated to obtained some knowledges of bacterial growth. As the results, it was ascertained that the bacterial count of these samples and the contamination of coli form bacteria were remarkedly. Milk temperature was almost equal to the atmospheric temperature. From this, we concluded that the cooling of milk, especially at farmers, was important to improve the bacteriological quality of milk at this area