An Evaluation of Surface Urban Heat Islands in Two Contrasting Cities

This thesis presents a comparative study on surface urban heat islands effects in Baghdad and Perth. The first part evaluates expansion of built-up areas and quantifies its effects on land surface temperature patterns. The second part examines the extent to which the urban thermal environment is influenced by spatial patterns of land use and land cover (LULC) categories. The final part investigates the thermophysical behaviour of various urban LULC categories using albedo and LST parameters

The professional and personal characteristics of basic school teachers in the Irbid / Jordan Kasbah from the teachers ’point of view Abstract

The study aimed to identify the professional and personal features of primary school teachers in the Irbid / Jordan Kasbah from the teachers ’point of view, and the study adopted the descriptive survey approach, and to achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was developed to measure the professional and personal characteristics of school teachers and its validity and reliability were ascertained. 3670) male and female teachers, distributed among (1897) teachers, and (2773) female teachers, and the study sample consisted of (354) male and female teachers who were selected in the available way, and the results of the study showed that basic school teachers\u27 practice of professional and personal characteristics in the Irbid The teachers ’eyesight came with a (high) degree. The results revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in the occupational and personal characteristics of basic school teachers due to the variable (scientific qualification), and the presence of statistically significant differences in the variable (gender), and came in favor of (females), and the results also showed the presence of statistically significant differences in the practice of Basic school teachers have professional and personal characteristics attributed to the variable (years of experience) and the differences came in favor of (from 5 to less than 10 years). The researchers recommend the necessity of continuing professional and personal characteristics of basic school teachers in the Irbid city in general, by studying the causes and factors that enhance the level of Stick to it

Immunohistochemical Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 and Cyclooxygenase-2 in Urinary Bladder Carcinomas with Correlation of Schistosomiasis in Egyptian Patients

BACKGROUND: In Egypt, schistosomal infestation is a leading cause of bladder cancer. A mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR-3) gene is the most common and most specific genetic abnormality in bladder cancer. Similarly, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible, pro-inflammatory enzyme with previous studies showing higher expression in schistosomal-associated bladder cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of FGFR3 and COX2 in bladder carcinoma and correlates their expression to the associated schistosomal infestation to implicate possible therapeutic treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included a total of 90 cases of archived, formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks that included variable subtypes and grades of urothelial carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry for expression of FGFR-3 and COX2 was performed using a standard avidin-biotin-peroxidase system. RESULTS: About 73.3% of the total cases (66 cases) showed variable positive reactivity for FGFR3, of which 33.3% (22 cases) were associated with bilharzia infection. A statistically significant correlation was detected between FGFR-3 and tumor size, grade, histologic subtype, LN status, lymphovascular invasion, and stage. About 83.3% of the total cases (75 cases) showed variable positive immunoreactivity for COX-2, of which 37.3% (28 cases) were bilharzial-associated. A positive correlation was established between COX-2 and grade, concomitant in situ changes and cases associated with bilharzia infection. CONCLUSION: FGFR-3 can be used as a prognostic marker for low-grade urothelial tumors. Results also portray that COX-2 has an inflammatory inciting role in bladder carcinoma development, especially in patients with a history of schistosomiasis (bilharziasis). Both COX-2 and FGFR-3 should be explored further for its use alone or in combination with conventional treatment, to reduce the recurrence rate and progression of superficial (low grade) tumors

Editorial: Minimally invasive surgery as a mean of improving fertility: What do we know so far?

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Optimizing community detection in social networks using antlion and K-median

Antlion Optimization (ALO) is one of the latest population based optimization methods that proved its good performance in a variety of applications. The ALO algorithm copies the hunting mechanism of antlions to ants in nature. Community detection in social networks is conclusive to understanding the concepts of the networks. Identifying network communities can be viewed as a problem of clustering a set of nodes into communities. k-median clustering is one of the popular techniques that has been applied in clustering. The problem of clustering network can be formalized as an optimization problem where a qualitatively objective function that captures the intuition of a cluster as a set of nodes with better in ternal connectivity than external connectivity is selected to be optimized. In this paper, a mixture antlion optimization and k-median for solving the community detection problem is proposed and named as K-median Modularity ALO. Experimental results which are applied on real life networks show the ability of the mixture antlion optimization and k-median to detect successfully an optimized community structure based on putting the modularity as an objective function

Distribution of Endophytic Fungi in Leaves of Azadirachta indica A. JUSS. (Neem) of Panchmarhi Biosphere Reserve

Total 85 endophytic fungi of 10 genera were isolated from 200 segments of fresh Azadirachta indica leaves collected from Panchmarhi biosphere reserve. The endophytic fungi recovered belong to hyphomycetes (68.2%), coelomycetes (19.99%), ascomycetes and sterile mycelium (5.88%) each. The most dominant endophytes observed were Trichoderma (21.17%), Pestalotiopsis spp. (16.47%) and Penicillium (15.29%)

Pathological findings on natural infection with Physaloptera praeputialis in cats

To study the pathological changes in the stomach of cat caused by Physaloptera praeputialis, 22 stray cats were euthanized. At necropsies, seven cats were found to be infected with this nematode. Thickening of the stomach wall, congestion and oedema, along with tiny erosions, were observed in gross pathology. Histopathology observations indicated congestion, oedema, leukocytic infiltration, necrosis, hyperplasia and cystic changes of glands and hyperplasia of muscular coat. These changes were indicative of inflammatory and degenerative reaction brought about by parasitic infection with P. praeputialis and its consequent irritating effects on the stomach. This is the second report of pathological observations of P. praeputialis infection in domestic cats

Endoscopic Discectomy versus Microscopic Discectomy

Objective:  A randomized control trial was conducted to compare the outcome of an endoscopic discectomy with microdiscectomy in lumbar spine disc disease. Material and Methods:  A randomized control trial was conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences (PINS), Lahore. We included 80 patients of ages between 13 – 65 years, with low backache with radiation towards legs and prolapsed intervertebral disc at L5 – S1 and L4 – L5 levels on MRI were included in the study. Endoscopic/microscopic discectomy was done in a randomized manner under general anesthesia in a prone position with fluoro guidance. Postoperatively, all patients stayed in the recovery room for two hours for monitoring and then shifted to the ward. All patients followed-up-to one year clinically with the help of the Oswestry disability index (ODI). Results:  There were 37 female and 43 male patients in the ages between 13 – 65 years. The mean age of patients was 53.5 years. The 53 patients were having prolapsed disc at L5 S1 levels and 27 patients with disc prolapse at L4 – 5 levels. A good improvement was observed in visual analog scores after surgery in both endoscopic and microscopic discectomy groups. But endoscopic discectomy group required a lesser hospital stay, early mobilization, and lesser postoperative analgesia requirements than the microscopic group. Conclusion:  Endoscopic/microdiscectomy both are equally effective and safer techniques. They both can relief. However, the endoscopic discectomy was found better in terms of early mobilization and lesser postoperative pain