Investigating the Effect of Adhan on Anxiety and Pain Level in Patients after Cesarean Operation by Spinal Anesthesia: A Prospective Clinical Trial Study

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objective: Severe pain and post-surgical anxiety cause unpleasant psychological and physical complications. Today, the common method used for relieving pain and anxiety is the use of medication. However, due to the side effects associated with anesthetics, there is a greater desire for a non-drug method including music therapy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Adhan on anxiety and pain in patients undergoing caesarean section by spinal anesthesia.Methods: In a clinical trial study, 64 women, who were candidates for caesarean section in Mahdieh hospital in Tehran from 2016 to 2017, were selected for the purpose of the study by random sampling method and assigned to two groups of 32, one as the experimental and the other as the control group. Adhan was played for one group but not for the control group. Data were collected using a questionnaire and pain visual analogue. The collected data were analyzed using independent samples t-test. In this study, the value (P<0.05) was considered statistically significant. In this study, all the ethical considerations have been observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Results: One hour after operation, the mean score related to anxiety was found to be significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group (P<0.001). Pain mean score in the baseline time was not significantly different (P=0.20), but 15 minutes (P<0.001), 30 minutes (P=0.006) and 60 minutes (P=0.04) after the operation it was significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group.Conclusion: In the present study, the tone of Adhan could efficiently decrease anxiety and pain.For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Please cite this article as: Naeiji Z, Lorestani Kh, Baghestani AR. Investigating the Effect of Adhan on Anxiety and Pain Level in Patients after Cesarean Operation by Spinal Anesthesia: A Prospective Clinical Trial Study. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2020;6(2):7-19.  https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v6i2.2347

Clinical, Laboratory, and Obstetrics Features of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) during Pregnancy

Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a new entity; the data on its clinical features, complications, and adverse outcomes during pregnancy are still to be identified and described. Several studies have reported a series of COVID-19 infections in pregnancy, the maternal and the neonatal outcome from different ethnicities and geographical regions. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the obstetrics department of Mahdiyeh Hospital of Tehran, Iran, between February and April 2020. We included a series of 23 singleton pregnancies presenting to our department with fever and dry cough. All patients were tested for COVID-19 infection using nasopharyngeal swabs. Results: We included 23 singleton pregnant patients with a mean age of 28.1 ± 6.16 (ranging from 15 to 39) years and gestational age of 29.96±10.2 [ranging from 7 to 40] weeks. Of these patients, 7 (30.4%) tested positive for the SARS‑CoV‑2. Among the total patient population, 16 (69.5%) had elevated serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), 1 [4.3%] had lymphopenia, and 8 (34.7%) had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Only 2 (8.7%) patients had positive findings of chest CT-scan. Most newborns had acceptable Apgar and birth weight, and only 4 (17.4%) required NICU admission. Conclusion: The clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 infection in pregnant patients were comparable to those of non-pregnant patients. We did not record a high frequency of lymphopenia and leukopenia, probably due to leukocytosis during pregnancy. CRP was a sensitive marker for COVID-19 pneumonia in pregnant patients

Evaluation of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Pregnant Women in the COVID-19 Outbreak in Mahdiyeh Hospital

Background: As observed in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Meddle-East respiratory syndrome (MERS) epidemics, pregnant women are more prone to complications and adverse outcomes of coronavirus infection. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is thought to significantly increase the risks to maternal and fetal health, while others believe that pregnant women have similar morbidity and mortality compared to the general population. Due to the severe prognosis of pregnant women with SARS-Coronavirus (CoV) or MERS-CoV, many concerns have been raised about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on this sensitive group of patients. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive study that was performed on all pregnant women referred to Mahdieh Hospital in Tehran, Iran, whose gestation period was during the coronavirus epidemic, by the available sampling method. Pregnant women answered the questions asked by the researcher and the answers were recorded in a pre-prepared structured standard questionnaire. Questionnaire questions included basic information, knowledge, attitude, practice, and obstacles. Results: A total of 284 people participated in this study with a mean age of 29.6 ± 12.2 years. The mean gestational age among the participants in this study was 28.5 ± 9.7 weeks. The knowledge, attitude, and practice of pregnant women referred to Mahdieh Hospital in Tehran were 74.05, 61.13, and 60.06, respectively. In terms of attitude, improving one's attitude towards herself will have the greatest effect on improving one's attitude. According to this finding, the attitude of individuals increases the level of knowledge about COVID-19. The amount of knowledge has a direct positive and significant effect on practice. Also, the attitude has a direct positive and significant effect on the practice. Conclusion: Given that the source of information for most of the participants in this study about COVID-19 was the media. Transmission of correct health information about the relationship between pregnancy and COVID-19, to this sensitive group, through the media could be appropriate. This is important because most participants feel they are at higher risk of developing the disease than non-pregnant people due to their pregnancy status

25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Level and Its Correlation with Mean Platelet Volume in Preeclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the challenging complications of pregnancy, of which little is known about its etiology and pathogenesis. Many studies have shown higher mean platelet volume (MPV) in preeclamptic patients. Vitamin D deficiency is in association with larger-size platelets. Thus, we aimed to determine the correlation of vitamin D with MPV in preeclamptic patients. Methods: This prospective case–control study was conducted in two tertiary hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Overall, 85 preeclamptic pregnant women and 85 normotensive pregnant women were entered between 2017 and 2018. Serum vitamin D concentration (ng/ml) and MPV (femtoliter) were measured for all patients. Results: MPV was significantly higher in the cases compared to controls (10.59±1.08 vs 8.10±0.95, P=0.0001). In addition, serum vitamin D level in the preeclamptic group was significantly lower in compare to the control group (17.79±11.03 vs 30.24±12.49; P=0.0001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, high age of mother (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.01-1.27; P=0.03), low level of serum vitamin D (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.87-0.99; P=0.02) and high MPV (OR: 8.83; 95% CI: 4.17-18.67; P=0.0001) were independent predictors of preeclampsia. Moreover, a correlation analysis revealed that vitamin D levels correlated negatively with MPV (r= -0.41, P<0.0001). Conclusion: Low levels of vitamin D in preeclamptic pregnancy are associated with higher platelet activity and thrombosis. In fact, the increment of MPV level might be a potential pathway for adverse outcomes of pregnancy including preeclampsia in the context of vitamin D deficiency.

بررسی تأثیر نوای اذان در میزان اضطراب و درد بیماران بعد از عمل سزارین با روش بیهوشی اسپاینال: مطالعۀ کارآزمایی بالینی شاهددار

خلفية البحث وأهدافه: إن الألم الشديد والقلق الذي يحصل بعد العملية القيصرة يؤدي الى آثار نفسية وجسمية سلبية، فالطريقة الشائعة لتسكين الألم والقلق هي استخدام الأدوية، لكن نظرًا للأعراض الجانبية لأدوية التخدير، فقد اصحبت اليوم الرغبة في استخدام طرق غير دوائية مثل العلاج بالموسيقى أكبر. تمت هذه الدراسة بغرض تقييم مدى تأثير صوت الأذان على مستوى القلق والألم لدى المرضى بعد الولادة القيصرية بطريقة التخدير النخاعي. منهجية البحث: في هذه الدراسة التي تمت بطريقة تجربة سريرية، تم اختيار 64 امرأة مسلمة متطوعة لإجراء عملية قيصرية في مستشفى المهدية في طهران عام 18-2017 بطريقة أخذ العينات العشوائية، وتم تقسيمهن إلى مجموعتين من 32 حالة وشاهد. تم تشغيل صوت الأذان لإحدى المجموعتين بينما لم تسمع المجموعة الثانية صوت الأذان. كانت اداة جمع البيانات، استمارة والتناظر البصري للألم، ومن ثم تم تحليل المعطيات وتجزئتها باستخدام اختبار t المعتمد والاختبارات غير المعيارية. كما كانت القيمت الإحتمالية P ذات دلالة احصائية (05/0P&lt;). تمت مراعاة جميع الموارد الأخلاقية في هذا البحث واضافة الى هذا فإن مؤلفي البحث لم يشيروا الى اي تضارب في المصالح. الكشوفات: كان متوسط درجة القلق بعد ساعة واحدة من العملية في المجموعة التجريبية أقل بكثير من المجموعة الضابطة (001/0P&lt;). لم تختلف متوسط درجة الألم في الوقت الأساسي بشكل كبير بين المجموعتين (20/0P=) لكن بعد 15 دقیقة (001/0P&lt;)، 30 دقیقة (006/0P=) و 60 دقیقة (04/0P=) من اجراء العملية كان متوسط درجة الألم في المجموعة التجريبية أقل بكثير من المجموعة الضابطة. الاستنتاج: تشير النتائج الى ان صوت الأذان كان مؤثرا في تقليل مستوى القلق والألم لدى المرضى. &nbsp; يتم استناد المقالة على الترتيب التالي: Naeiji Z, Lorestani Kh, Baghestani AR. Investigating the Effect of Adhan on Anxiety and Pain Level in Patients after Cesarean Operation by Spinal Anesthesia: A Prospective Clinical Trial Study. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2020;6(2):7-19. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v6i2.23471 &nbsp;Background and Objective: Severe pain and post-surgical anxiety cause unpleasant psychological and physical complications. Today, the common method used for relieving pain and anxiety is the use of medication. However, due to the side effects associated with anesthetics, there is a greater desire for a non-drug method including music therapy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Adhan on anxiety and pain in patients undergoing caesarean section by spinal anesthesia. Methods: In a clinical trial study, 64 women, who were candidates for caesarean section in Mahdieh hospital in Tehran from 2016 to 2017, were selected for the purpose of the study by random sampling method and assigned to two groups of 32, one as the experimental and the other as the control group. Adhan was played for one group but not for the control group. Data were collected using a questionnaire and pain visual analogue. The collected data were analyzed using independent samples t-test. In this study, the value (P&lt;0.05) was considered statistically significant. In this study, all the ethical considerations have been observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Results: One hour after operation, the mean score related to anxiety was found to be significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group (P&lt;0.001). Pain mean score in the baseline time was not significantly different (P=0.20), but 15 minutes (P&lt;0.001), 30 minutes (P=0.006) and 60 minutes (P=0.04) after the operation it was significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group. Conclusion: In the present study, the tone of Adhan could efficiently decrease anxiety and pain. &nbsp; Please cite this article as: Naeiji Z, Lorestani Kh, Baghestani AR. Investigating the Effect of Adhan on Anxiety and Pain Level in Patients after Cesarean Operation by Spinal Anesthesia: A Prospective Clinical Trial Study. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2020;6(2):7-19. &nbsp;https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v6i2.23471د. استناد مقاله به این صورت است: Naeiji Z, Lorestani Kh, Baghestani AR. Investigating the Effect of Adhan on Anxiety and Pain Level in Patients after Cesarean Operation by Spinal Anesthesia: A Prospective Clinical Trial Study. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2020;6(2):7-19. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v6i2.2347

Comparison of Glyburide and Insulin In Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Perinatal Outcome: a Randomized Clinical Trial

Insulin is currently the drug of choice in treating patients with gestational diabetes mellitus but insulin is expensive, inconvenient to store and use and probably associated with more risks of asymptomatic hypoglycemia in comparison with some oral agents. This randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of glyburide in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus in comparison with insulin therapy. Pregnant women aged between 18-45 years with singleton pregnancies and in their 24-36 weeks of gestation were assessed for eligibility. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus were randomly allocated to two insulin and glyburide groups and compared with maternal and neonatal outcome. Ninety-six women with gestational diabetes mellitus enrolled in the study. At screen and treated fasting and post-prandial blood glucose levels were similar in both groups. Time for beginning the treatment to control the glycemic index was 28.30 (±20.60) days in the insulin group and 22.56 (±18.86) in the glyburide group. There was no statistically significant difference in time-to-control the blood glucose level in two studied group. Time, between beginning the treatment of GDM and delivery, was 53.22 (±28.96) days in the insulin group and 56.67 (±30.47) in the glyburide group. There was no statistically significant difference between the times of treatment-to-delivery in two studied groups. There were no statistically significant differences between maternal and neonatal outcomes in two studied groups. Glyburide can effectively and safely control the glycemic index in women with gestational diabetes mellitus in comparison with insulin

Coronavirus Pandemic and Mental Health During Pregnancy: COVID-19 And Pregnants’ Mental Health

Background: COVID-19 is an enveloped RNA virus, declared as a pandemic in 2020. The pandemic and the policies around it for controlling the infection have caused major psychological stress on the population, especially a high-risk group: the pregnant women. This study evaluates the anxiety and depression of pregnant women, in the first six months of COVID-19 pandemic in Iran.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all pregnant women, visiting the obstetrics clinic of Mahdiyeh hospital, were enrolled in this study. Among them, women with no prior psychological disorder or use anti-anxiety or antidepressant drug were included in the study and were asked to complete the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) questionnaire. Also, the demographic information, obstetrics history and past medical history of each patient were collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 22, using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), t test, chi-square and Bonferroni post hoc tests. Significant levels were considered at P ≤ 0.05.Results: Overall, 465 pregnant women with a mean ± SD age of 26.75 ± 5.71 years were included in the study. The mean ± SD HADS score of the women was 12.00 ± 6.09 and 240 (51.6%) of the women had abnormal HADS score. Among the demographic properties, a significant association was seen between gravidity and HADS score (P &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: COVID-19 can cause a considerable level of stress in women during their pregnancy, which can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Among pregnant women, primigravida and multigravida (more than two previous pregnancy) ones were at higher risk of experiencing anxiety or depression

Coronavirus Pandemic and Mental Health During Pregnancy

Background: COVID-19 is an enveloped RNA virus, declared as a pandemic in 2020. The pandemic and the policies around it for controlling the infection have caused major psychological stress on the population, especially a high-risk group: the pregnant women. This study evaluates the anxiety and depression of pregnant women, in the first six months of COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all pregnant women, visiting the obstetrics clinic of Mahdiyeh hospital, were enrolled in this study. Among them, women with no prior psychological disorder or use anti-anxiety or antidepressant drug were included in the study and were asked to complete the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) questionnaire. Also, the demographic information, obstetrics history and past medical history of each patient were collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 22, using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), t test, chisquare and Bonferroni post hoc tests. Significant levels were considered at P≤0.05. Results: Overall, 465 pregnant women with a mean±SD age of 26.75±5.71 years were included in the study. The mean±SD HADS score of the women was 12.00±6.09 and 240 (51.6%) of the women had abnormal HADS score. Among the demographic properties, a significant association was seen between gravidity and HADS score (P<0.05). Conclusion: COVID-19 can cause a considerable level of stress in women during their pregnancy, which can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Among pregnant women, primigravida and multigravida (more than two previous pregnancy) ones were at higher risk of experiencing anxiety or depression

COVID-19’s Effect in Pregnancy and Vertical Transmission: A Systematic Review

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted public health and the global economy. It has also been found to have potential effects on pregnancy, neonatal outcomes, and mother-to-infant transmission. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with pregnancy. A systematic review study was conducted by searching the PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases according to PRISMA guidelines from December 1, 2019, to December 23, 2022. The results indicate that there was an increase in the rate of cesarean delivery among mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, the study found that the mode of delivery for pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 did not increase or decrease the risk of infection for newborns. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increase in maternal and infant mortality rates, as well as stillbirths and ruptured ectopic pregnancies. Research has shown that SARS-CoV-2 can potentially be transmitted during pregnancy, although vertical transmission is rare. However, additional data are needed to investigate this adverse effect, especially regarding reports of disease recurrence in mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2