Nano-formulation of Ethambutol with multifunctional Graphene Oxide and magnetic nanoparticles retains Its anti-tubercular activity with prospects of improving chemotherapeutic efficacy

Tuberculosis (TB) is a dreadful bacterial disease, infecting millions of human and cattle every year worldwide. More than 50 years after its discovery, ethambutol continues to be an effective part of the World Health Organization’s recommended frontline chemotherapy against TB. However, the lengthy treatment regimens consisting of a cocktail of antibiotics affect patient compliance. There is an urgent need to improve the current therapy so as to reduce treatment duration and dosing frequency. In this study, we have designed a novel anti-TB multifunctional formulation by fabricating graphene oxide with iron oxide magnetite nanoparticles serving as a nano-carrier on to which ethambutol was successfully loaded. The designed nanoformulation was characterised using various analytical techniques. The release of ethambutol from anti-TB multifunctional nanoparticles formulation was found to be sustained over a significantly longer period of time in phosphate buffer saline solution at two physiological pH (7.4 and 4.8). Furthermore, the nano-formulation showed potent anti-tubercular activity while remaining non-toxic to the eukaryotic cells tested. The results of this in vitro evaluation of the newly designed nano-formulation endorse its further development in vivo

A Comparative Study of Effectiveness of Concept Attainment Model and Traditional Method in Teaching of English in Teacher Education Course 216 LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow A Comparative Study of Effectiveness of Concep

Abstract In language teaching, method plays prime role. Well adopted materials without effective method of teaching are practically useless. But with proper tools and instructional materials, a good teacher encourages each member of the class to participate directly in the learning experience. The main objective of this study was to define the concept attainment model and traditional method and to compare the effectiveness of concept attainment model and traditional method. In order to achieve the objectives M.A. education students studying the subject teaching of English constituted the population of the study and the sample of the study consisted of 46 students teachers. On the basis of pretest scores they were placed in three groups randomly. comprised 23 students. Three hypotheses were framed and tested by applying independent sample t-test and dependent sample t-test, the results showed that all the students including low achievers and high achievers, who were taught through concept attainment model performed significantly better than their counterparts taught through traditional method

Role of Science Education Projects for the Qualitative Improvement of Science Teachers at the Secondary Level in Pakistan LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Role of Science Education Projects for the Qualitative Improvement

Abstract This study was aimed at describing the role of science education projects for the qualitative improvement of science teachers at the secondary level in Pakistan. All the heads of institutions and science teachers of secondary schools in Pakistan constituted the population of the study. Hundred heads of institutions and 100 science teachers from one hundred institutions were selected as a sample of the study from all over the Pakistan. Two questionnaires (one each for heads of institutions and other for science teachers) were developed and validated through pilot testing and administered to the sample for collection of data. Researcher personally visited respondents and thus 100% data were collected. Collected data were tabulated and analyzed by using chi square