WORK TOGETHER… WHEN APART CHALLENGES AND WHAT IS NEED FOR EFFECTIVE VIRTUAL TEAMS

Increasingly competitive global markets and accelerating technological changes have increased the need for people to contact via electronic medium to have daily updates, the people those who could not able to meet face to face every day. Those who contact via electronic medium i.e. Virtual Team, are having number of benefit but to achieve these potential benefits, however, leaders need to overcome liabilities inherent in the lack of direct contact among team members and managers. Team members may not naturally know how to interact effectively across space and time. By this paper author try to throw some lights on the challenges that virtual team faces and try to elaborate what is needed for Virtual Team

A Step Forward or Just a Sidestep? Year Five of the Supreme Court of Canada in the Digital Age

Over the past five years, the Supreme Court of Canada has released a series of decisions meant to bring section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms into the Digital Age. These decisions acknowledged the unique privacy interests that people have in the information stored on their digital devices and the potential for modern technology to eviscerate privacy if the law of search and seizure does not keep pace with technological development. There is a danger, however, that recent victories for privacy in the courts will be illusory unless the courts develop additional manner of search limits on the search and seizure of digital devices. In the case of searches conducted pursuant to a search warrant, this article suggests that the only way to achieve the appropriate balance between law enforcement needs and privacy rights is for issuing justices to impose a set of search protocols that constrain and limit the scope of the search. Outside the search warrant context (i.e., where the police conduct a warrantless search of a digital device pursuant to the “search-incident-to-arrest” power), this article suggests that the only way to protect privacy interests, and to achieve meaningful after-the-fact judicial review, is to require that police electronically record all warrantless searches of digital devices

The roots of healing: ethnomedical adaptation of the Ohlone Indians

Western medical specialists attempt to treat pathological phenomena by using synthetic drugs. These synthetic drugs can be costly and time consuming to manufacture, distribute and prescribe. Only recently has the mainstream medical community begun to acknowledge the possible benefits of traditional medicinal curing, much of which utilizes inexpensive organic compounds for treatments. Furthermore, native peoples throughout the world have an extensive knowledge of disease and of disease treatment (Vogel 1970, Densmore 1974, Margolin 1978, Heizer and Elsasser 1980). Relying on centuries of botanical experimentation, native peoples have been able to treat a vast number of medical ailments utilizing floral and fauna) species (Vogel 1970, Bocek 1984, Heizer and Elsasser 1980) . Some systems of traditional medicine have received much public attention in recent years. Chinese traditional medicine and indigenous peoples\u27 traditional medicine represent two noteworthy examples. Certain medical authorities have made the observation that traditional medicines can offer valuable treatments of certain pathological ailments for which \u27western\u27 medicine can do very little (Manning 1981, Liu 1989). This study investigates Ohlone medicinal treatments in the broader sociocultural context of Ohlone health, disease and healing. Like many of the cultures of California, the Ohlone had various methods of resolving issues of pain and of disease. Through both shamanistic-ritual treatments and floral treatments, the Ohlone maintained both their mental and physical health (Margolin 1978, Heizer and Elsasser 1980, Bean 1991). Understanding Ohlone healing may be valuable to pharmaceutical researchers, to the medical community and, ultimately, to those in society who suffer from various pathologies. Furthermore, understanding traditional medicine is important for indigenous peoples in terms of understanding their past. In the following chapters, I first discuss the geography (Chapter 2) and social organization (Chapter 3) of the Ohlone. It is critical to understand the physical environment in which the Ohlone lived when attempting to understand the ethnomedical relationships which the Ohlone had with their surroundings. Next, I present an overview of the cultural position of the shaman in Ohlone society (Chapter 4), before examining in detail their use of medicinal plants for curing (Chapt er 5). Since Ohlone culture was dramatically transformed by its confrontation with the Spanish mission system, I explore both changes and continuity of this period of the latter eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries (Chapter 6). Here, I am particularly concerned with the impact of new disease on the Ohlone and the evidence of persistent healing traditions. Finally, I close by examining the revitalization of Ohlone culture, and healing traditions, through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to the present (Chapters 7 and 8)