Accuracy of intraoral scanners versus traditional impressions: a rapid umbrella review

PURPOSE This study aimed to (1) report the trueness and precision of intraoral scanning (IOS) in dentistry based on recent secondary sources and to (2) appraise the reporting quality of the titles and abstracts of the included literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS This rapid overview searched the PubMed/Medline and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews in March 2021 to identify reviews reporting on the accuracy of IOS. The reference list from the eligible studies was also screened for identification of other potentially eligible studies. The inclusion criteria consisted of English language systematic reviews or meta-analyses published between 2019 and 2021. The exclusion criteria were primary studies, narrative review, and extraoral scanners. The assessment of reporting quality of abstracts of systematic reviews was performed using the reporting checklist PRISMA extension for Abstracts (PRISMA-A). This was a self-funded research project. RESULTS Out of the full text screened 25 records, 11 reviews were included. Most studies supported the IOS approach being as precise and accurate as the conventional one. Only one study significantly favored the conventional approach over the IOS, and two studies abstained from making a recommendation. The IOS was significantly superior to the traditional technique in terms of patient preference and time efficiency. After applying PRISMA-A, recommendations for improvements on titles and abstracts of future reviews of IOS and conventional impressions are provided. CONCLUSION Laboratory data indicated similar accuracy between IOS and conventional impressions, whereas clinical data found the same in less than 4-unit fixed dental prostheses. For more extensive definitive fixed solutions or removable prostheses, the conventional approach is recommended. IOS was superior in terms of patient preference and time reduction. More clinical trials are required to determine the clinical effectiveness of incorporating IOS in broader scenarios. Better quality of reporting secondary sources abstract is advised

The variation in composition of ultramafic rocks and the effect on their suitability for carbon dioxide sequestration by mineralization following acid leaching

Carbon dioxide capture and storage by mineralization has been proposed as a possible technology to contribute to the reduction of global CO2 levels. A main candidate as a feed material, to supply Mg cations for combination with CO2 to form carbonate, is the family of ultramafi c rocks, Mgrich silicate rocks with a range of naturally occurring mineralogical compositions. A classifi cation scheme is described and a diagram is proposed to display the full range of both fresh and altered ultramafi c rock compositions. This is particularly for the benefi t of technologists to raise the awareness of the variation in possible feedstock materials. A systematic set of acid leaching experiments, in the presence of recyclable ammonium bisulphate, has been carried out covering the range of ultramafi c rock compositions. The results show that lizardite serpentinite releases the most Mg with 78% removed after 1 h, while an olivine rock (dunite) gave 55% and serpentinized peridotites intermediate values. Antigorite serpentinite only released 40% and pyroxene- and amphibole-rich rocks only 25%, showing they are unsuitable for the acid leaching method used. This wide variation in rock compositions highlights the necessity for accurate mineralogical characterization of potential resources and for technologists to be aware of the impact of feed material variations on process effi ciency and development

Influence of electrode processing and electrolyte composition on multiwall carbon nanotube negative electrodes for sodium ion batteries

Dr. A. Fuente Cuesta would like to thank Agency for Green Technology (AGT), Dr. S. A. M. Dickson would like to thank the Faraday Institution NEXGENNA project (FIRG018), and C. Lonsdale would like to thank the Faraday Institution FUSE Internship Programme for funding. The authors also acknowledge the EPSRC (grant codes EP/L017008/1, EP/T019298/1, and EP/R023751/1).Nanostructured one-dimensional multiwall-carbon nanotubes have a variety of advantageous properties including good electrical conductivity and mechanical strength, and thus have been widely investigated for use in lithium-ion battery electrodes as conductive and microstructural additives, though also possess some electrochemical activity. Their application to sodium-ion batteries has been less extensively researched, and therefore a greater understanding of the electrochemical reaction with sodium, and effects of slurry composition and electrolyte formulation is warranted. Here, we report the fabrication of aqueous and organic multi-wall carbon nanotube negative electrodes processed by ball milling. The binder of choice is noted to greatly affect the electrochemical performance, both in terms of capacity retention and rate capability over a range of current densities from 25 to 500 mA g-1. Switching from a carbonate- to diglyme-based electrolyte considerably improves initial coulombic efficiencies (~10 to 60%), attributed to less extensive formation of solid electrolyte interphase, and enables a reversible mechanism with capacities up to 150 mAh g-1 over 100 cycles depending upon the binder used.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Characterising the HLA-I Immunopeptidome of plasma-derived extracellular vesicles in patients with melanoma

This work was funded by grants from Breast Cancer Now UK (2018JulPR1086), and the Melville Trust for the Care and Cure of Cancer UK (XCT014). We also gratefully acknowledge funding from the EPSRC via EP/L017008/1 for TEM imaging infrastructure, and EP/R023751/1 and EP/T019298/1.Extracellular vesicles (EVs) frequently express human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) molecules. The immunopeptidomes presented on EV HLA-I are being mapped to provide key information on both specific cancer-related peptides, and for larger immunopeptidomic signatures associated with disease. Utilizing HLA-I immunoisolation and mass spectrometry, we characterised the HLA-I immunopeptidome of EVs derived from the melanoma cancer cell line, ESTDAB-026, and the plasma of 12 patients diagnosed with advanced stage melanoma, alongside 11 healthy controls. The EV HLA-I immunopeptidome derived from melanoma cells features T cell epitopes with known immunogenicity and peptides derived from known tumour associated antigens (TAAs). Both T cell epitopes with known immunogenicity and peptides derived from known TAAs were also identifiable in the melanoma patient samples. Patient stratification into two distinct groups with varying immunological profiles was also observed. The data obtained in this study suggests for the first time that the HLA-I immunopeptidome of EVs derived from blood may aid in the detection of important diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and also provide new immunotherapy targets.Peer reviewe

Manganese catalysed synthesis of polyketones using hydrogen borrowing approach.

We report here a new method to make polyketones from the coupling of diketones and diols using a manganese pincer complex. The methodology allows us to access a new type of polyketone (polyarylalkylketone) containing aryl, alkyl, and ether functionalities bridging the gap between the two classes of commercially available polyketones – aliphatic polyketones and polyaryletherketones. Using this methodology, twelve new polyketones have been synthesized and characterised using various analytical techniques to understand their chemical, physical, morphological, and mechanical properties. Based on previous reports and our studies, we suggest that the polymerization occurs via a hydrogen-borrowing mechanism that involves the dehydrogenation of diols to dialdehyde followed by aldol condensation of dialdehyde with diketones to form chalcone derivatives and their subsequent hydrogenation to form polyarylalkylketones