Study of Multi-Classification of Advanced Daily Life Activities on SHIMMER Sensor Dataset

Today the field of wireless sensors have the dominance in almost every person’s daily life. Therefore researchers are exasperating to make these sensors more dynamic, accurate and high performance computational devices as well as small in size, and also in the application area of these small sensors. The wearable sensors are the one type which are used to acquire a person’s behavioral characteristics. The applications of wearable sensors are healthcare, entertainment, fitness, security and military etc. Human activity recognition (HAR) is the one example, where data received from wearable sensors are further processed to identify the activities executed by the individuals. The HAR system can be used in fall detection, fall prevention and also in posture recognition. The recognition of activities is further divided into two categories, the un-supervised learning and the supervised learning. In this paper we first discussed some existing wearable sensors based HAR systems, then briefly described some classifiers (supervised learning) and then the methodology of how we applied the multiple classification techniques using a benchmark data set of the shimmer sensors placed on human body, to recognize the human activity. Our results shows that the methods are exceptionally accurate and efficient in comparison with other classification methods. We also compare the results and analyzed the accuracy of different classifiers

Is "Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes” Always Benign?

How to Cite This Article: Saeed M, Azam M, Shabbir N, Qamar ShA. Is "Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes" Always Benign? Iran J Child Neurol. 2014 Summer;8(3): 39-45.AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of associated behavioral problems and prognosis with Benign Childhood Epilepsy with CentroTemporal Spikes (BCECTS).Descriptive, Cross Sectional study that was conducted from October 2009 to April 2013 in the Department of Pediatric Neurology, the Children’s Hospital Taif, KSA.Material & MethodsThis study was conducted after approval from the Ethics Committee of the Children’s Hospital Taif, Saudi Arabia. Thirty-two patients from the age of 3 to 10 years old were recruited from the pediatric neurology clinic over a period of 4 years. All the patients were selected based on history, EEGs, and neuropsychological and neurological examinations.EEGs were performed for all the patients while in awake and sleep states. Those who had centrotemporal discharges were included in the study. All the patients also underwent a brain MRI. Only two patients had mild cortical atrophy but developmentally they were normal.ResultsIn our study, prevalence of BRE is 32/430 (7.44%). Among the 32 cases, 24 were male and eight were female. Six cases out of 32 indicated a family history of BRE. Twenty-eight cases had unilateral right sided centrotemporal discharges and four had bilateral discharges.ConclusionIt is possible that for BECTS, a high number of seizures might play an important role in the development of mild cognitive impairment and/or behavior disturbances.ReferencesBradley WG, Daroff RB, Fenichel JM, Jahrovic J. Neurology of clinical practice. 5th Ed. 2009: pp. 1953-1990.Berg AT, Berkovic SF, Brodie MJ, Buchhalter J, Cross H, Van Emde Boas M, et al: Revised terminology and concepts for organization of seizures and epilepsies: Report of the ILAE Commission on Classification and Terminology, 2005–2009. Epilepsia. 2010; 51(4):676-685.Weglage J, Demsky A, Pietsch M. Neuropsychological, intellectual, and behavioral findings in patients with centrotemporal spikes with and without seizures. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1997; 39:646.Kramer U. Atypical presentations of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes: a review. 2008. J. Child Neurol 23 (7): 785–90.Chahine LM, Mikati MA. Benign pediatric localizationrelated epilepsies. Epileptic Disord. 2006. 8(4): 243–58.Danielsson J, Petermann F. Cognitive deficits in children with benign rolandic epilepsy of childhood or rolandic discharges: a study of children between 4 and 7 years of age with and without seizures compared with healthy controls. Epilepsy Behav. 2009; 16:646–651.Ay Y, Gokben S, Serdaroglu G, Polat M, Tosun A, Tekgul H, et al. Neuropsychologic impairment in children with rolandic epilepsy. Pediatr Neurol. 2009; 41:359–363.Wirrell E, Sherman EM, Vanmastrigt R, Hamiwka L. Deterioration in cognitive function in children with benign epilepsy of childhood with central temporal spikes treated with sulthiame. J Child Neurol. 2008; 23:14–21.Lundberg S, Eeg-Olofsson O. Rolandic epilepsy: a challenge in terminology and classification, European Journal of Paediatric Neurology. 2003; 7: 239–241.Bouma PA, Bovenkerk AC, Westendorp RG, Brouwer OF. The course of benign partial epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes: a meta-analysis. Neurology. 1997;48:430-437.Deltour L, Quaglino V, Barathon M, De Broca A, Berquin P. Clinical evaluation of attentional processes in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BCECTS) Epileptic Disord. 2007; 9:424–431.Nicolai J, Aldenkamp AP, Arends J, Weber JW, Vles JS. Cognitive and behavioral effects of nocturnal epileptiform discharges in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Epilepsy Behav. 2006; 8:56–70.Goldberg-Stern H, Gonen OM, Sadeh M, Kivity S, Shuper A, Inbar D. Neuropsychological aspects of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Seizure. 2010; 19:12–16.Genizi J, Shamay-Tsoory SG, Shahar E, Yaniv S, Aharon- Perez J. Impaired social behavior in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. J Child Neurol. 2012; 27:156–161.Zenkov LR, Konstantinov PA, Shiriaeva IIu, Miasnikov VN, Sirazitdinova EB, Shevel’chisnkiĭ SI. Mental and behavioral disorders in idiopathic focal epileptiform spikes. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S Korsakova. 2007; 107:39–49.Winckler MIB, Rotta NT. Prognostic factors for recurrence of a first seizure during childhood. Arq Neuropsiquiatr.1997; 55:749-756.Holmes GL. Rolandic epilepsy: clinical and electroencephalographic features. In: Degen R, Dreifuss FE, editors. Benign localized and generalized epilepsies of early childhood. Amsterdam: Elsevier ;1992: p.29-43.Gregory DL, Wong PKH. Clinical relevance of a dipole field in rolandic spikes. Epilepsia. 1992; 33:36-44.Bouma PAD, Bovenkerk AC, Westendorp RGJ, Brouwer OF. The course of benign partial epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes: a meta- analysis. Neurology. 1997; 48: 430-437.Fejerman N, Caraballo R, Tenembaum S. Atypical evolutions of benign -localization-related epilepsies in children: are they predictable? Epilepsia. 2000; 4: 380-390.Peters JM, Camfield CS, Camfield PR. Population study of benign rolandic epilepsy: is treatment needed? Neurology. 2001; 57: 537-539.Holmes GL. Rolandic epilepsy: clinical and electroencephalographic features. In Degen R, Dreifuss FE. editors. Benign localized and generalized epilepsies of early childhood. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1992:p. 29-43.Laub MC, Funke R, Kirsch CM, Oberst U. BECT: comparison of cerebral blood flow imaging, neuropsychological testing and long-term EEG findings. Epilepsy Res Suppl. 1992;6:95-98.Coppola G. Cognitive and linguistic abnormalities in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Acta Paediatr. 2011;100(5):768-772.Sarco DP, Boyer K, Lundy-Krigbaum SM, Takeoka M, Jensen F, Gregas M, Waber DP. Benign rolandic epileptiform discharges are associated with mood and behavior problems. Epilepsy Behav. 2011;22 (2):298-303.Jones JE, Watson R, Sheth R, Caplan R, Koehn M, Seidenberg M, et al. Psychiatric comorbidity in children with new onset epilepsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007;49:493-7.Austin JK, Harezlak J, Dunn DW, Huster GA, Rose DF, Ambrosius WT. Behavior problems in children before first recognized seizures. Pediatrics. 2001; 107:115-22.Bhise VV, Burack GD, Mandelbaum DE. Baseline cognition, behavior, and motor skills in children with new-onset, idiopathic epilepsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2010;52:22-6.Kavros PM, Clarke T, Strug LJ, Halperin JM, Dorta NJ, Pal DK. Attention impairment in rolandic epilepsy: systematic review. Epilepsia. 2008; 49:1570-80.Beaussart M. 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Association of NS1 Antigen, IgM, IgG Antibodies and RT-PCR in the Diagnosis of Dengue Virus Infection

Background: To determine the association of ELISA based serological markersNS1 antigen, IgM, IgG antibodies and RT-PCR in the diagnosis of dengue virus infection Methods: In this descriptive cross sectional study 420 serum samples from patients with suspicion of dengue fever were tested for detection of dengue by NS1 antigen ELISA, IgG, IgM ELISA. RT-PCR for dengue was carried out in all NS1 antigen ELISA positive cases for confirmation of dengue. Results: Out of 420 cases , 249 cases were positive for either one of the three markers NS1, IgM,IgG. Males constituted 71.66%.Two hundred and two (48.09%) were positive for NS1 only,13 (3.09%) were positive for NS1 and IgG, 07 (1.66%) were NS1, IgM and IgG positive,16 (3.80%) were positive for IgG only ,11 (2.61%) were positive for NS1 and IgM whereas 171 (40.17%) samples were reported negative for NS1, IgM and IgG.RT-PCR was conducted on 233 NS1 positive cases out of which 80.06% cases turned out positive. Maximum number of cases belonged to DEN-2 genotype. Conclusion: Early diagnosis helps in improved patient care, suitable treatment, prevents severe complications and helps limit the spread of the disease. RT PCR is  a reliable test for the  diagnosis of acute dengue fever

Assessment of derangement in biochemical profile in primary open angle glaucoma patients presenting at a tertiary care hospital

Objective: To assess the changes in high sensitivity C Reactive protein (hs-CRP), serum cholesterol, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin and ALT in patients of primary open angle glaucoma. Material and methods: Comparative cross-sectional study conducted between April 2021 and October 2021 at departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology, --removed for blind review----44 POAG patients and 54 healthy controls volunteered to participate in the study. POAG was diagnosed as per criteria. Venous blood was drawn for analysis of serum cholesterol, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, ALT and hs-CRP.  hs-CRP was performed on ELISA plate reader Platos R496 while spectrophotometric analysis of serum uric acid, creatinine, and cholesterol was carried on Beckman Coulter AU-700. Results: Mean hemoglobin (Hb), Total leukocyte count (TLC), serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, ALT, bilirubin, cholesterol and HbA1c were 12.80 ±1.50g, 8.88±1.92 mm3, 5.95±5.47 µmol/l, 92.19±21.81 µmol/l, 305.85±79.92 mmol/l, 34.31±18.26 IU/L, 9.26±3.11 µmol/l, 5.18±0.96 mmol/l,6.70±1.28 %respectively whereas the Mean IOP in POAG patients was 28mmHg, mean CCT was 516.6 µm, and mean vertical CDR was 0.6. High frequency of hs-CRP positivity (50 percent) was reported in our patients. Significantly lower uric acid levels were observed in primary open angle glaucoma patients versus controls ie 305.85±79.92 mmol/l vs 344.36±37.24 mmol/l (P value < 0.05). Serum creatinine was significantly different between mild and severe groups i.e. 88±14.7 vs 113.1±32.4. (p value <0.001*) Conclusion: High frequency of hs-CRP positivity and low uric acid levels suggest the presence of para inflammation in patients of POAG. Key words: Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), intraocular pressure (IOP), high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP), uric acid (UA

Antimicrobial Peptides as Infection Imaging Agents: Better Than Radiolabeled Antibiotics

Nuclear medicine imaging techniques offer whole body imaging for localization of number and site of infective foci inspite of limitation of spatial resolution. The innate human immune system contains a large member of important elements including antimicrobial peptides to combat any form of infection. However, development of antibiotics against bacteria progressed rapidly and gained popularity over antimicrobial peptides but even powerful antimicrobials failed to reduce morbidity and mortality due to emergence of mutant strains of bacteria resulting in antimicrobial resistance. Differentiation between infection and inflammation using radiolabeled compounds with nuclear medicine techniques has always been a dilemma which is still to be resolved. Starting from nonspecific tracers to specific radiolabeled tracers, the question is still unanswered. Specific radiolabeled tracers included antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides which bind directly to the bacteria for efficient localization with advanced nuclear medicine equipments. However, there are merits and demerits attributed to each. In the current paper, radiolabeled antibiotics and radiolabeled peptides for infection localization have been discussed starting with the background of primitive nonspecific tracers. Radiolabeled antimicrobial peptides have certain merits compared with labeled antibiotics which make them superior agents for localization of infective focus

Birth weight estimation--a sonographic model for Pakistani population

OBJECTIVE: To develop a sonographic birth weight estimation model for Pakistani population and to validate the published models in the same population. METHODS: Data was collected for pregnant women who presented to Radiology Department of Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi from January 2007 to July 2008 and had undergone ultrasound estimation of foetal weight within 4 days prior to a term delivery (37-42 weeks gestation). The neonate\u27s actual birth weight was used to validate the published foetal weight estimation models and modified sonographic birth weight estimation model was derived for our population by using linear regression. RESULTS: Modified sonographic birth weight estimation model for our population was derived by using foetal parameters. No significant difference (p-value \u3e 0.05) of actual and predicted birth weight derived from Our regression model, Campbell and Woo models was noted, however least difference (p = 0.7) was identified between our predicted model (Mean difference 14 +/- 37.7 g). CONCLUSION: Our sonographic modified regression model of foetal weight estimation gave the least difference with actual neonatal birth weight and can be reliably used in our population. Hadlock1, Hadlock2 and Woo2 models are not appropriate in our setting or should be used carefully while predicting foetal weight in our population

Antioxidant Effect of Ocimum basilicum Essential Oil and Its Effect on Cooking Qualities of Supplemented Chicken Nuggets

A commonly observed chicken meat issue is its lipid oxidation that leads to deterioration of its organoleptic and nutritional properties and its further-processed products. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is one of the traditional culinary herbs exhibiting food preservation properties. The current study investigated the essential oil composition, antioxidant activity and in vitro cytotoxic capacity of the essential oil of basil indigenous to Pakistan. GC–MS analysis of the essential oil revealed the presence of 59 compounds that constituted 98.6% of the essential oil. O. basilicum essential oil (OB-EO) exhibited excellent antioxidant activity, i.e., IC50 5.92 ± 0.15 µg/mL as assayed by the DPPH assay, 23.4 ± 0.02 µmoL Fe/g by FRAP, and 14.6 ± 0.59% inhibition by H2O2. The brine shrimp lethality assay identified an average mortality of ~18% with OB-EO at 10–1000 µg/mL, while that of the same concentration range of the standard drug (etoposide) was 72%. OB-EO was found to be non-toxic to HeLa and PC-3 cell lines. TBARS contents were significantly decreased with increase of OB-EO in chicken nuggets. The lowest TBARS contents were recorded in nuggets supplemented with 0.3% OB-EO, whereas the highest overall acceptability score was marked to the treatments carrying 0.2% OB-EO. The results suggest OB-EO as a promising carrier of bioactive compounds with a broad range of food preservation properties, and which has a sensory acceptability threshold level for chicken nuggets falling between 0.2-0.3% supplementation. Future research must investigate the antibacterial impact of OB-EO on meat products preserved with natural rather than synthetic preservatives

Efficiency of Virgin's Mantle (Fagonia cretica L.) as an Antibacterial and Antifungal Agent

Background: For medicinal purposes, biological activities are carried out on plant secondary metabolites in which common but very significant antimicrobial activities are focused. To evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Fagonia cretica L., different pathogenic microbial strains were obtained from KP, hospitals (already identified) to resolve the objectives of the current study.Methods: In the agar, well diffusion method, a total of eight strains (4 bacterial 4 fungal) Streptococcus mutans, MRSA (Methicillin resistance staphylococcus aureus), Serratia marcescens, and Staphylococcus aureus are the bacterial strains while the fungal strains are Alternaria alternate,  Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, and Polysphondylium pallidum pre-identified and isolated in hospitals, were used respectively to evaluate the potentiality of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, aqueous, and crude methanolic fractions against these strains.Keywords: Virgin’s mantle; Fagonia cretica; Antibacterial; AntifungalResults: The highest significant (46-57% & 39-60%) antibacterial and antifungal activities were shown by the methanolic fraction while the lowest (28-35% & 25-35%) antibacterial and antifungal was shown by aqueous fraction against the selected microbial strains. Other fractions were also exhibited reasonable antimicrobial activities.Conclusion: The current study concluded that different fractions of F. cretica have significant antimicrobial potential and might be a source of antibiotics in future studies of that plant.Keywords: Virgin’s mantle; Fagonia cretica; Antibacterial; Antifungal

Generalized Neutrosophic TOPSIS to Solve Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Problems

Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) is the technique of selecting the best alternative from multiple alternatives and multiple conditions. The technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) is a crucial practical technique for ranking and selecting different options by using a distance measure. In this article, we protract the fuzzy TOPSIS technique to neutrosophic fuzzy TOPSIS, and prove the accuracy of the method by explaining the MCDM problem with single-value neutrosophic information, and use the method for supplier selection in the production industry. We hope that this article will promote future scientific research on numerous existence issues based on multi-criteria decision making