A COMPLETE INSPECTION PLAN FOR DEPENDENT MULTICHARACTERISTIC CRITICAL COMPONENTS

Here a complete inspection plan for critical components with several characteristics is designed for the case where the characteristics' defective rates are statistically dependent. The plan minimizes total expected cost resulting from type-I and II errors and the cost of inspection. A mathematical model and an algorithm for obtaining the optimal number of repeat inspections are developed and demonstrated by an example. The output of the model is an optimal inspection plan to control the quality of critical components

Evaluation of AMPK Genes as Candidates for Production Traits in Buffalo Breeds of Pakistan

The 5’-activated protein kinase (AMPK) also called PRKA is a heterotrimeric protein complex that regulates cellular metabolism in response to nutritional stress in mammals. Total length of AMPK gene is 6500 base pairs. AMPK γ3 has 884 base pairs comprises of exon 3, intron 3 and exon 4. AMPK γ3 gene was studied on DNA from three buffalo breeds (Nili, Ravi and Nili Ravi) of Pakistan. Amplification of this region was done from position 918 in exon to position 1802 just downstream of exon 4, using primers U1A-GAGCAAGGAGACAGCACTTCA (918-938) and U2B-ACCTGTAGCATGGTGTC GAAGA (1781- 1802) with Amplictaq Gold, at annealing temperature 60oC. Sequencing of PRKA γ3 UP SEQ1 5’-GACCTCAGCATCCAGGCT and PRKA γ3 UP SEQ2 5’-GACAGTAACTCCATCTTCCA was done. The results showed that at position 1069, Allelic frequency of C/T was 0.35, T/T was 0.05 and frequency of C/C was 0.40. At position 1343, frequency of A/G was 0.1 and A/A was 0.9. At 1381 position, frequency of C/T was 0.35, T/T was 0.05 and C/C was 0.6. At position 1488, the A/G was 0.35, A/A was 0.05and G/G was 0.6. The detected SNP at 1343 is A/G which is the ancient haplotypes of PRKAG3 in Nili Ravi buffalo breeds from Pakistan. These SNPs in AMPK gene can be used as marker for efficient utilization of energy in these three buffalo breeds of Pakistan that will increase the economic returns to farmers

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium report, data summary of 50 countries for 2010-2015: Device-associated module

•We report INICC device-associated module data of 50 countries from 2010-2015.•We collected prospective data from 861,284 patients in 703 ICUs for 3,506,562 days.•DA-HAI rates and bacterial resistance were higher in the INICC ICUs than in CDC-NHSN's.•Device utilization ratio in the INICC ICUs was similar to CDC-NHSN's. Background: We report the results of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2010-December 2015 in 703 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific. Methods: During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC-NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 861,284 patients hospitalized in INICC hospital ICUs for an aggregate of 3,506,562 days. Results: Although device use in INICC ICUs was similar to that reported from CDC-NHSN ICUs, DA-HAI rates were higher in the INICC ICUs: in the INICC medical-surgical ICUs, the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection, 4.1 per 1,000 central line-days, was nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.8 per 1,000 central line-days reported from comparable US ICUs, the overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher, 13.1 versus 0.9 per 1,000 ventilator-days, as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection, 5.07 versus 1.7 per 1,000 catheter-days. From blood cultures samples, frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (29.87% vs 10%) and to imipenem (44.3% vs 26.1%), and of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (73.2% vs 28.8%) and to imipenem (43.27% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC ICUs compared with CDC-NHSN ICUs. Conclusions: Although DA-HAIs in INICC ICU patients continue to be higher than the rates reported in CDC-NSHN ICUs representing the developed world, we have observed a significant trend toward the reduction of DA-HAI rates in INICC ICUs as shown in each international report. It is INICC's main goal to continue facilitating education, training, and basic and cost-effective tools and resources, such as standardized forms and an online platform, to tackle this problem effectively and systematically