CHALLENGES, TEACHING METHODS AND METHODS OF ASSESSMENT IN ONLINE MODALITY: A CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE AND CORRELATIONAL STUDY

This study aims to determine the cause of the differences on the challenges, teaching methods, and methods of assessment of teachers in online modality, and to establish the relationship among these three variables. It made use of the causal-comparative and correlational research designs. It included as respondents fifty college teachers of Notre Dame of Midsayap College who were variably apportioned among its seven colleges. The respondents were 22-70 years old, composite of males and females; mostly married; and predominantly teaching major courses. All of them were using laptops; mostly were using smartphones, majority were using router/pocket Wi-Fi and camera, several were using desktops; a few of them were using iPad/tablet; and a minority of them were using noise-canceling headsets. The top challenges they experienced in online modality were instruction, assessment and economic related. The primary teaching methods they employed were lecture, demonstration, and discussion. The main methods of assessment they used was the subjective type, and mainly addressed the cognitive domain of learning. There is no significant difference on the challenges, teaching methods, and methods of assessment of respondents when they are grouped according to sex. There is a weak direct relationship between challenges and teaching methods and a very weak positive relationship between challenges and methods of assessment. In both cases, however, the relationships were not significant. There is a moderately strong positive relationship between teaching methods and methods of assessment, and that relationship is highly significant.  Article visualizations

Multiple Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Fecal and Water Sources in Laguna Lake, Philippines

Due to the misuse and overuse of antibiotics, antibiotic residues accumulate in natural environments, leading to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs). The presence of ARBs in bodies of water poses health hazards to the surrounding community. This study focused on Laguna Lake, the largest lake in the Philippines, which serves as a water source for agriculture and domestic purposes. We aimed to detect the presence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli from the lake waters and potential reservoirs of resistance as well as determine the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices of the isolates. E. coli (n = 450) was isolated from fecal-associated samples (chicken, cow, pig, human, sewage) and water samples (sites in Laguna Lake and selected river tributaries). The isolates were subjected to an antibiotic resistance assay using VITEK 2®. Among the 16 antibiotics tested, the isolates exhibited varying resistance to 14, but complete susceptibility to amikacin and tigecycline was observed. Isolates were most frequently resistant to ampicillin (196/450, 43.6%). Among fecal-associated samples, chicken isolates exhibited the highest MAR index (0.174), whereas samples from Pila River exhibited the highest MAR index (0.152) among water samples. The results of this study demonstrate the presence of multidrug-resistant E. coli in samples collected around Laguna Lake and reveal fecal and sewage sources as potential reservoirs of ARBs in the water body. With this information, the public is urged to use antibiotics responsibly to help mitigate the spread of antibiotic resistance

Multiple Antibiotic Resistance in <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolates from Fecal and Water Sources in Laguna Lake, Philippines

Due to the misuse and overuse of antibiotics, antibiotic residues accumulate in natural environments, leading to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs). The presence of ARBs in bodies of water poses health hazards to the surrounding community. This study focused on Laguna Lake, the largest lake in the Philippines, which serves as a water source for agriculture and domestic purposes. We aimed to detect the presence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli from the lake waters and potential reservoirs of resistance as well as determine the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices of the isolates. E. coli (n = 450) was isolated from fecal-associated samples (chicken, cow, pig, human, sewage) and water samples (sites in Laguna Lake and selected river tributaries). The isolates were subjected to an antibiotic resistance assay using VITEK 2®. Among the 16 antibiotics tested, the isolates exhibited varying resistance to 14, but complete susceptibility to amikacin and tigecycline was observed. Isolates were most frequently resistant to ampicillin (196/450, 43.6%). Among fecal-associated samples, chicken isolates exhibited the highest MAR index (0.174), whereas samples from Pila River exhibited the highest MAR index (0.152) among water samples. The results of this study demonstrate the presence of multidrug-resistant E. coli in samples collected around Laguna Lake and reveal fecal and sewage sources as potential reservoirs of ARBs in the water body. With this information, the public is urged to use antibiotics responsibly to help mitigate the spread of antibiotic resistance

The comparative hypoglycemic effect of dendrobium anosmum (Sanggumay) ethanolic extract on glucose powder-induced Gallus galuus domesticus (Chick) embryo

This quantitative study sought to experiment on the viability of orchids specifically Dendrobium anosmum on lowering blood glucose levels for the purpose of providing alternative treatment or medication for Diabetes mellitus patients. Research statistics were collected from five treatment groups (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5) of dextrose-induced hyperglycemic chicken embryo on embryonic day 18 of development which all received glucose and Dendrobium anosmum treatment on day 12 prior to glucose level verification at the end of the experimental study. All data gathered were analyzed using ANOVA treatment. In total, T1 exhibited the most potent hypoglycemic property by lowering the blood glucose level to a value of 30 mg/dL. Other treatment groups correspondingly exhibited their hypoglycemic properties, reducing values of 70 mg/dL, 80 mg/dL, and 112 mg/dL. The findings therefore indicated that Dendrobium anosmum has hypoglycemic properties since it has significantly lowered blood glucose levels, at any given concentration

Spawning response latency and egg production capacity of LHRHa-injected mature female sea bass, Lates calcarifer Bloch

Mature female sea bass (Lates calcarifer Bloch) were injected once intramuscularly with 20 μg luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue (D-Ala6, Pro9-LHRH-ethylamide) per kg body weight (BW) at different times of the day. Following hormone injection, the incidence of initial spawning and the number of eggs spawned by each fish were recorded. Saline-injected fish did not spawn. Fish spawned at dawn or 33.7–40 h after an LHRHa injection at either 11.00 h or 17.00 h. When LHRHa was administered at 23.00 h or 05.00 h, sea bass spawned during the day or at 38–47.3 h post-injection. Mean egg production levels of 26.8–34.4 × 104 per kg BW were higher for fish which spawned at dawn. Low mean egg production levels (6.2–19.9 × 104 eggs per kg BW) were observed when LHRHa-injected fish spawned during the day. These results demonstrate that the time of initial occurrence of spawning varied with the time of day that LHRHa was administered and that the number of eggs shed was influenced by the time of day that hormone-induced sea bass spawned