Area-Delay-Efficeint FPGA Design of 32-bit Euclid's GCD based on Sum of Absolute Difference

Euclids algorithm is widely used in calculating of GCD (Greatest Common Divisor) of two positive numbers. There are various fields where this division is used such as channel coding, cryptography, and error correction codes. This makes the GCD a fundamental algorithm in number theory, so a number of methods have been discovered to efficiently compute it. The main contribution of this paper is to investigate a method that computes the GCD of two 32-bit numbers based on Euclidean algorithm which targets six different Xilinx chips. The complexity of this method that we call Optimized_GCDSAD is achieved by utilizing Sum of Absolute Difference (SAD) block which is based on a fast carry-out generation function. The efficiency of the proposed architecture is evaluated based on criteria such as time (latency), area delay product (ADP) and space (slice number) complexity. The VHDL codes of these architectures have been implemented and synthesized through ISE 14.7. A detailed comparative analysis indicates that the proposed Optimized_GCDSAD method based on SAD block outperforms previously known results

Experimental and numerical study of ultrasonic monitoring of hydraulic fracture propagation

Hydraulic fracture monitoring is very useful to understand real-time fracture movement to ensure unwanted events. Active seismic monitoring of hydraulic fracture propagation was studied numerically and experimentally. A discrete element method code was used for modelling the interaction of seismic waves with a propagating hydraulic fracture. A true triaxial stress cell was modified to conduct hydraulic fracturing ultrasonic monitoring experiments. Different seismic events were analysed and compared to estimate fracture geometry in real-time

The Application of Corals in Bone Tissue Engineering

اسكلت طبيعي مرجانها و هيدروکسي آپاتيت مرجاني به عنوان جايگزين استخواني در ترميم نقايص استخواني در مدلهاي جانوري و انساني از دو دهه پيش به کار رفتهاند. اين جايگزينهاي استخواني داراي ويژگيهاي هدايت استخواني )Osteocondutive(، زيست تجزيهپذيري و زيست سازگاري ميباشند. هم اکنون، بر روي مرجانها، سه ديدگاه تحقيقاتي مد نظر ميباشد که شامل کاربرد در ساخت کمپوزيتهاي استخواني، ساخت داربست جهت اتصال سلولهاي بنيادي و نيز در رهيافتهاي ساخت داربست در توأمان با فاکتورهاي رشد ميباشند. اين مقاله مروري به کاربرد گستردة مرجانها در تجربيات باليني به عنوان جايگزين استخوان و رهيافتهاي ساخت داربست در توأمان با سلول در مهندسي بافت استخوان پرداخته اس

The effect of an iodine restricted including no sea foods diet, on technetium-99m thyroid scintigraphy: A neglected issue in nuclear medicine practice

Although it is recommended to patients to avoid sea food and iodine-containing medications prior to iodine-131 ( 131I) scanning, the efficacy of this diet as for technetium-99m pertechnetate ( 99mTc-P) thyroid scintigraphy is not well addressed in the literature. We evaluated a self-managed, outpatients, iodine restricted diet (IRD) designed to reduce total body iodine in preparation for such a scan. We have studied 39 patients who referred to our Department for multinodular goiter, 30 females and 9 males, aged: 14-54 years and their 99mTc-P thyroid scintigraphy showed poor visualization of the thyroid gland. These patiens were living in regions with high consumption of sea foods went underwent a two-weeks iodine restriction including restriction of sea food diet for the reduction of iodine body content. These patients were called for a repeated scan after going on a IRD for at least two weeks. The two scans were compared visually, and by semiquantitative analysis. Semiquantitative analysis was applied in 8 regions of interest (ROI) by using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Thirty-six subjects had better quality scintigraphy images in the post IRD thyroid scan, as was visually assessed by two nuclear medicine physicians. Semiquantitatetively, there was a significant difference in the mean counts of ROI of the right and the left thyroid lobes in favor of the post IRD scans (P<0.05). In conclusion, this study suggests that in patients with multinodular goiter, living in regions with high consumption of sea foods a two-weeks diet for the reduction of iodine body content induces in most of the cases a slightly better diagnostic thyroid 99mTc-P scan

Poly(L-Lactide) Bionanocomposites

A variety of natural, synthetic, and biosynthetic polymers such as poly(L-lactide), polyhydroxyalkanoate, and poly(ε-caprolactone) are biocompatible and environmentally degradable. Biodegradability can therefore be engineered into polymers by the judicious addition of chemical linkages such as anhydride, ester, or amide bonds, among others. Poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) has attracted increasing attention due to the combination of its bioresorbability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and shape memory effect. It has been widely applied to biomedical fields such as bone screws, surgical sutures, tissue engineering, and controlled drug delivery. Nevertheless, the PLLA is weaker than that of natural cortical bones in mechanical strength. Additionally, the ability of PLLA in cell attachment and bioactivity are weak due to its hydrophobic properties. In order to overcome the unsuitable properties of PLLA, various techniques have already been applied to modify the physical and mechanical properties of PLLA. The most significant method is to introduce some various kinds of fillers into PLLA matrix to provide reinforcing filler/PLLA composites, such as hydroxyapatite (HA), b-tricalcium phosphate, bioglass, silica gel, amorphous carbon, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and so on

The role of 99mTc-Ubiquicidin (UBI) and 99mTc-IgG scintigraphies in diagnosis of acute appendicitis: A preliminary result

Introduction: Appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies. In spite of the relatively high rate of negative appendectomy, as a result of miss diagnosis, uncertainty of diagnosis still continues to challenge physicians. The objective of this prospective study was to investigate the role of 99mTc-Ubiquicidin (UBI) scintigraphy in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and to compare 99mTc-UBI scintigraphy with 99mTc-IgG scintigraphy. Methods: Twelve patients with right lower quadrant pain and suspicious of acute appendicitis were referred to the nuclear medicine imaging center. Radionuclide imaging was performed with 99mTc-UBI in 8 and 99mTc-IgG in 4 patients. Ultrasonography, Alvarado scoring and histopathological examinations were also performed as additional diagnostic tests. Results: Reports from 99mTc-IgG and 99mTc-UBI scintigraphies of all patients were negative. Conclusion: This study may conclude that 99mTc-IgG scintigraphy and 99mTc-UBI scintigraphy in the detection of appendicitis do not have adequate efficacy. However, in order to better evaluate 99mTc-IgG and 99mTc-UBI scintigraphy, a comprehensive study on a large number of patients with clinical suspicious of acute appendicitis would be more helpful

High-Speed Area-Efficient Hardware Architecture for the Efficient Detection of Faults in a Bit-Parallel Multiplier Utilizing the Polynomial Basis of GF(2m)

The utilization of finite field multipliers is pervasive in contemporary digital systems, with hardware implementation for bit parallel operation often necessitating millions of logic gates. However, various digital design issues, whether natural or stemming from soft errors, can result in gate malfunction, ultimately leading to erroneous multiplier outputs. Thus, to prevent susceptibility to error, it is imperative to employ an effective finite field multiplier implementation that boasts a robust fault detection capability. This study proposes a novel fault detection scheme for a recent bit-parallel polynomial basis multiplier over GF(2m), intended to achieve optimal fault detection performance for finite field multipliers while simultaneously maintaining a low-complexity implementation, a favored attribute in resource-constrained applications like smart cards. The primary concept behind the proposed approach is centered on the implementation of a BCH decoder that utilizes re-encoding technique and FIBM algorithm in its first and second sub-modules, respectively. This approach serves to address hardware complexity concerns while also making use of Berlekamp-Rumsey-Solomon (BRS) algorithm and Chien search method in the third sub-module of the decoder to effectively locate errors with minimal delay. The results of our synthesis indicate that our proposed error detection and correction architecture for a 45-bit multiplier with 5-bit errors achieves a 37% and 49% reduction in critical path delay compared to existing designs. Furthermore, the hardware complexity associated with a 45-bit multiplicand that contains 5 errors is confined to a mere 80%, which is significantly lower than the most exceptional BCH-based fault recognition methodologies, including TMR, Hamming's single error correction, and LDPC-based procedures within the realm of finite field multiplication.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2209.1338

FCS-MBFLEACH: Designing an Energy-Aware Fault Detection System for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) include large-scale sensor nodes that are densely distributed over a geographical region that is completely randomized for monitoring, identifying, and analyzing physical events. The crucial challenge in wireless sensor networks is the very high dependence of the sensor nodes on limited battery power to exchange information wirelessly as well as the non-rechargeable battery of the wireless sensor nodes, which makes the management and monitoring of these nodes in terms of abnormal changes very difficult. These anomalies appear under faults, including hardware, software, anomalies, and attacks by raiders, all of which affect the comprehensiveness of the data collected by wireless sensor networks. Hence, a crucial contraption should be taken to detect the early faults in the network, despite the limitations of the sensor nodes. Machine learning methods include solutions that can be used to detect the sensor node faults in the network. The purpose of this study is to use several classification methods to compute the fault detection accuracy with different densities under two scenarios in regions of interest such as MB-FLEACH, one-class support vector machine (SVM), fuzzy one-class, or a combination of SVM and FCS-MBFLEACH methods. It should be noted that in the study so far, no super cluster head (SCH) selection has been performed to detect node faults in the network. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that the FCS-MBFLEACH method has the best performance in terms of the accuracy of fault detection, false-positive rate (FPR), average remaining energy, and network lifetime compared to other classification methods

The Effect of Crude Extract of Turbo coronatus from the Persian Gulf on Serum Biochemical Parameters and Hematiological Parameters of Rats

Background: Turbotoxins are marine secondary metabolites that produce in Turbinidae family and were isolated from Japanese Turbo marmorata for the first time. A few research has been done on these metabolites so far. Another species, Turbo coronatus exists in Iran. The main aim of the current project was to investigate some biological effects of the crude extract of Turbo coronatus from the Persian Gulf . Materials and methods: In this study, 18 rats were selected in three groups including the control group. The experimental groups received ½ and 1/3 lethal doses intravenously and serum levels of liver and muscle enzymes, electrolytes and complete blood counts (CBC) were measured after 24 hours. Results: The levels of liver and muscle enzymes, amylase, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, ferrous, haptoglobin, albumin and creatinine were significantly increased in experimental group compared with the control group by injection of crude extract of Turbo coronatus; however, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red blood cell count, magnesium, and glucose levels were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. Conclusions: Intravenous injection of ½ and 1/3 lethal doses of the crude extract of Turbo coronatus to rats produced rhabdomyolysis and hepatocytes injury. In addition, the crude extract injection acted as a haematoxin and decreased hemoglobin and MCV