Effect of the marathon race on muscle damage markers and CRP.

<p>The plasma was separated before, immediately after, 24 h after, and 72 h after the marathon race. The plasma activities of LDH (A), CK (C), CK-MB (D), and plasma levels of CRP (B) were determined. The values presented are the mean ± SEM of 23 runners.^a p<0.001 vs before the marathon race, ^b p<0.0001 vs immediately after the marathon race, and ^c p<0.01 vs 24 h after the marathon race.</p

Model on the temporal dynamics of the cytokine’s responses to the marathon race.

<p>Model on the temporal dynamics of the cytokine’s responses to the marathon race.</p

Effect of the marathon race on neutrophil surface molecules and DNA fragmentation.

<p>Neutrophils were separated after blood collection before, immediately after, 24 h after, and 72 h after the marathon race. Expression of ICAM-1 (A), TNFR1 receptor (B), L-selectin (C), and Fas receptor (D), and % of cells with DNA fragmentation (D) were determined. The fluorescence was determined by flow cytometry (BD Accuri cytometer). The values presented are the mean ± SEM of 21 runners. ^a p<0.05 vs before the marathon race, ^b p<0.05 vs immediately after the marathon race, and ^cp<0.05 vs 24 h after the marathon race.</p

Effect of the marathon race on plasma cytokines.

<p>Plasma concentrations of IL-6 (A), IL-8 (B) IL-10 (C), IL-12 (D), and TNF-alpha (E) were determined using cytometric bead array. The values presented are the mean ± SEM of 23 runners.^ap<0.05 vs before the marathon race, ^bp<0.05vs immediately after the marathon race, and ^c p<0.05 vs 24 h after the marathon race.</p

Effect of the marathon race on hematological parameters.

<p>Total leukocyte number (A), neutrophil number (B), hematocrit (C), and hemoglobin (D) were determined before, immediately after, 24 h, and 72 h after the marathon race. The values presented are the mean ± SEM of 23 runners.^ap<0.05 vs before the marathon race, ^bp<0.05 vs immediately after the marathon race, and ^cp<0.05 vs 24 h after the marathon race.</p