Syntheses and Evaluation of Anticonvulsant Activity of Novel Branched Alkyl Carbamates

A novel class of 19 carbamates was synthesized, and their anticonvulsant activity was comparatively evaluated in the rat maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous metrazol (scMet) seizure tests and pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) model. In spite of the alkyl-carbamates' close structural features, only compounds <b>34</b>, <b>38</b>, and <b>40</b> were active at the MES test. The analogues 2-ethyl-3-methyl-butyl-carbamate (<b>34</b>) and 2-ethyl-3-methyl-pentyl-carbamate (<b>38</b>) also exhibited potent activity in the pilocarpine-SE model 30 min postseizure onset. Extending the aliphatic side chains of homologous carbamates from 7 to 8 (<b>34</b> to <b>35</b>) and from 8 to 9 carbons in the homologues <b>38</b> and <b>43</b> decreased the activity in the pilocarpine-SE model from ED₅₀ = 81 mg/kg (<b>34</b>) to 94 mg/kg (<b>35</b>) and from 96 mg/kg (<b>38</b>) to 114 mg/kg (<b>43</b>), respectively. The most potent carbamate, phenyl-ethyl-carbamate (<b>47</b>) (MES ED₅₀ = 16 mg/kg) contains an aromatic moiety in its structure. Compounds <b>34</b>, <b>38</b>, <b>40</b>, and <b>47</b> offer the optimal efficacy–safety profile and, consequently, are promising candidates for development as new antiepileptics

Reconstructing Ancient Israel: Integrating Macro- and Micro-archaeology

International audienc

The association between ABO blood group and obstetric hemorrhage

Whether intra- and early post-partum hemorrhage is influenced by ABO blood groups remains unknown. Therefore, we compared women with O to non-O blood groups with regard to maternal post-partum hemorrhage and transfusion need. This retrospective study was conducted in a single tertiary center between 2005 and 2014. For the purpose of the study, parturients were categorized as O and non-O blood groups. Data included all deliveries but excluded patients with missing blood grouping or hemoglobin values, and/or stillbirth. Drop in hemoglobin was defined as hemoglobin concentration at admission for delivery minus lowest hemoglobin concentration post-delivery. Study outcomes were postpartum hemorrhage, hemoglobin drop >2-7 g/dL inclusive, and packed red blood cells transfusion. STATISTICS: descriptive, χ(2) (p 2, 3, or 4 g/dL (OR 1.07; 95 % CI 1.04-1.11, p < 0.001, OR 1.08; 95 % CI 1.03-1.14, p = 0.002, OR 1.14; 95 % CI 1.05-1.23, p = 0.001; respectively), and higher odds, albeit not statistically significant of 5, 6, or 7 g/dL decreases in hemoglobin (OR 1.13; 95 % CI 1.00-1.29, p = 0.055, OR 1.05; 95 % CI 0.84-1.32, p = 0.66, OR 1.15; 95 % CI 0.79-1.68, p = 0.46; respectively), but no difference in blood products transfusion (OR 1.03; 95 % CI 0.92-1.16, p = 0.58). In conclusion, women with blood type O may be at greater risk of obstetrical hemorrhage