2-Methyl­carbamoyl-4-{4-[3-(trifluoro­meth­yl)benzamido]phen­oxy}pyridinium 4-methyl­benzene­sulfonate monohydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C21H17F3N3O3 +·C7H7O3S−·H2O, contains two formula units. In one of the cations, the pyridinium and trifluoro­methyl benzene rings form dihedral angles of 87.42 (8) and 45.92 (8)°, respectively, with the central benzene ring [79.56 (8) and 43.52 (8)° in the other cation]. In the crystal structure, N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the ions and water mol­ecules, forming a three-dimensional network

4-[4-(3-Methoxy­benzamido)phen­oxy]-N-methyl­picolinamide

In the title compound, C21H19N3O4, the central benzene ring makes dihedral angles of 78.54 (6) and 75.30 (6)° with the pyridine and 3-methoxy­phenyl rings, respectively. An intra­molecular N—H⋯N interaction occurs, generating an S(?). The crystal packing shows inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions between the N—H groups and the O atoms of the 3-methoxy­phenyl ring and the carbonyl groups of the amide functions. Inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions are also present

Correlation between diopters and refractive parameters among 5 to 12 years old school-age children of Lanzhou city

AIM: To investigate the epidemiological status of refractive state among school-age children of 5 to 12 years in Chengguan district of Lanzhou city, and to analyze the correlation with axial length(AL), horizontal and vertical corneal refractive power(K1, K2), anterior chamber depth(ACD)and corneal diameter(W-W). <p>METHODS: The value of AL, K1, K2, ACD and W-W of 813 school-age children(1626 eyes)aged 8.46±2.30 years old(5-12 years)were measured by IOL-Master, refractive error was measured by computer refractor. The eyes were divided into 5 groups according to different mean spherical equivalent(SE)diopter: high myopia, moderate myopia, low myopia, emmetropia and hyperopia. The correlation between diopter and different refractive parameters of different ages and different diopter groups were analyzed respectively, the SPSS 19.0 was used for the statistical analysis.<p>RESULTS: There were statistically significant difference(<i>P</i><0.05)in uncorrected visual acuity and refractive state among the different groups of 5-12 years school-age children, the prevalence of myopia tended to increase with the age. There were statistically significant difference in AL and ACD among the different age groups(<i>P</i><0.05), AL and ACD increased with the age. There were statistically significant difference in AL among three myopic groups(<i>P</i><0.05). There were statistically significant difference in ACD between low myopia and moderate myopia, low myopia and high myopia(<i>P</i><0.05). There were statistically significant difference in corneal refractive power and corneal diameter between low myopia and high myopia, moderate myopia and high myopia(<i>P</i><0.05). SE was negatively correlated with AL(<i>r</i>=-0.764, <i>P</i><0.01)and ACD(<i>r</i>=-0.498, <i>P</i><0.01), but had week correlation with corneal refractive power or corneal diameter.<p>CONCLUSION: The increase of AL plays an important role in the changes of refractive among school-age children of 5-12 years, AL is the main morphological variable related to myopia. Meanwhile, refractive changes may be affected by corneal refractive power(K1, K2), ACD and corneal diameter(W-W). 7-8 years old can be regarded as the main phase from emmetropization to myopization of school-age children

Toxoplasma gondii Genotype Determines Tim-3 Expression Levels in Splenic and Circulatory T Cells in Mice

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular parasite that causes a common infection in many warm-blooded animals. During infection, the host’s immune system plays an important role in confining the dissemination of the parasites in the hosts. T cell immunoglobulin- and mucin domain–containing molecule 3 (Tim-3) has been characterized as an important regulator in cell-mediated immune responses in various infections. Here, we compared Tim-3 expression on splenic and circulatory T, B cells and a few cytokines in the sera of mice infected with the more virulent type I (RH) vs. the low virulent type II (ME49) strain. Tim-3 expression on the splenic and circulatory T cells of mice infected with T. gondii (RH strain) was higher than that in mice infected with T. gondii (ME49 strain). T. gondii infection reduced the proportion of splenic helper T cells (Th) and cytotoxic T cells (Tc) and increased Tim-3 expression. Further, serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-12p70, IL-22, IL-17A, and IL-5 increased significantly after infection. Mice infected with T. gondii (ME49 strain) showed higher levels of TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-12p70, and IL-22 than that infected by the RH strain. Our study revealed that T. gondii strains may have their inherent ability in triggering different host immune responses, which may explain the clinical variation in diseases severity after infection

Comparison of endometrial preparation protocols (natural cycle versus hormone replacement cycle) for frozen embryo transfer (COMPETE) : A study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Funding Information: This study is supported by General Projects of Social Development (2022SF-565). BWM is supported by a NHMRC Investigator grant (GNT1176437). BWM reports consultancy for ObsEva. BMW has received research funding from Ferring and Merck. The other authors have none to declare. Acknowledgements: We thank all the physicians, scientists, and embryologists in our IVF clinic for their assistance with data collection as well the patients for participating in this studyPeer reviewedPublisher PD

Comprehensive study of the blazars from Fermi-LAT LCR: The log-normal flux distribution and linear RMS-Flux relation

Fermi-LAT LCR provide continuous and regularly-sampled gamma-ray light curves, spanning about 14 years, for a large sample of blazars. The log-normal flux distribution and linear RMS-Flux relation of the light curves for a few of Fermi blazar have been examined in previous studies. However, the probability that blazars exhibit log-normal flux distribution and linear RMS-Flux relation in their gamma-ray light curves has not been systematically explored. In this study, we comprehensively research on the distribution of gamma-ray flux and the statistical characteristics on a large sample of 1414 variable blazars from the Fermi-LAT LCR catalog, including 572 FSRQs, 477 BL Lacs, and 365 BCUs, and statistically compare their flux distributions with normal and log-normal distributions. The results indicate that the probability of not reject log-normal is 42.05% for the large sample, and there is still 2.05% probability of not reject normality, based on the joint of Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk and Normality tests. We further find that the probability that BL Lacs conforms to the log-normal distribution is higher than that of FSRQs. Besides, after removing sources with less than 200 data points from this large sample, a sample of 549 blazars, which is still a large sample comparing to the previous studies, was obtained. Basing on dividing the light curves into segments every 20 points (or 40 points, or one year), we fitted the linear RMS-Flux relation of this three different sets, and found that the Pearson correlation coefficients are all close to 1 of the most blazars. This result indicates a strong linear correlation between the RMS and the flux of this 549 blazars. The log-normal distribution and linear RMS-Flux relation indicate that the variability of gamma-ray flux for most blazars is non-linear and multiplicative process.Comment: 13pages, 5figures, Accepted for publication in RA

Effects of Xiaoyaosan on Stress-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rats: Involvement of CRF1 Receptor

Background. Compared with antidepressant activity of Xiaoyaosan, the role of Xiaoyaosan in anxiety has been poorly studied. Objective. To observe the effects of Xiaoyaosan on anxiety-like behavior induced by chronic immobilization stress (CIS) and further explore whether these effects were related to CRF1R signaling. Methods. Adult male SD rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n=12): the nonstressed control group, vehicle-treated (saline, p.o.) group, Xiaoyaosan-treated (3.854 g/kg, p.o.) group, vehicle-treated (surgery) group, and antalarmin-treated (surgery) group. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (0.5 μL/side) or CRF1R antagonist antalarmin (125 ng/0.5 μL, 0.5 μL/side) was bilaterally administered into the basolateral amygdala in the surgery groups. Except for the nonstressed control group, the other four groups were exposed to CIS (14 days, 3 h/day) 30 minutes after treatment. On days 15 and 16, all animals were subjected to the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and novelty suppressed feeding (NSF) test. We then examined the expression of CRF1R, pCREB, and BDNF in the amygdala. Results. Chronic pretreatment with Xiaoyaosan or antalarmin significantly reversed elevated anxiety-like behavior and the upregulated level of CRF1R and BDNF in the amygdala of stressed rats. pCREB did not differ significantly among the groups. Conclusions. These results suggest that Xiaoyaosan exerts anxiolytic-like effects in behavioral tests and the effects may be related to CRF1R signaling in the amygdala

Catalyst-free and solvent-free Michael addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to nitroalkenes by a grinding method

Abstract An environmentally benign, fast and convenient protocol has been developed for the Michael addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to β-nitroalkenes in good to excellent yields by a grinding method under catalyst-and solvent-free conditions. 53