Food Waste in Public Food Service Sector-Surplus and Leftovers

Food waste occurs at various stages of the food supply chain, starting from the production stage on farms to processing, distribution, and consumption. It is an important global problem that has social, environmental, ethical, and economic costs. The present work aims to discuss the differences in waste generated from surpluses or leftovers, the monitoring systems of food waste in public food services, and the good practices to reduce food waste. Besides the accessible knowledge about reducing waste, tonnes of food were daily discarded and wasted. To achieve a sustainable food system, food waste must be reduced significantly. Collaborative efforts are necessary to achieve significant reductions in food waste for achieving SDG 12.3 in public food services. Thus, policies that support or enforce larger implementation of best practices are needed. Knowledge about food waste is important to change attitudes and behaviors toward surplus food and leftovers. Some best practices can include promoting awareness campaigns to educate staff about the impact of food waste and the best practices to reduce it, including information on proper storage, portion control, and meal planning; implementing inventory management systems; donating surplus food via collaboration with food banks and charities; optimizing portion sizes, ensuring they are adequate and manageable for customers, reducing the likelihood of leftover food on the plate; allowing customers to order smaller quantities or share a meal; providing packaging to allow customers take their leftovers home for later consumption. The procedures to be adopted by public food services should provide guidance for the selection of products that can be donated. However, specific temperature requirements depending on the food category should be complied with. This paper enlarges the understanding of surpluses and leftovers and the best practices that could be implemented in public food services to minimize food waste.The participation of CG is supported by FCT/UIDB/04033/2020. The participation of FN is supported by FCT UIDB/00616/2020 and UIDP/00616/2020. The participation of SS and CS were supported by the projects UIDB/CVT/00772/2020 and LA/P/0059/2020 funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). CG, FN and CS would like to thank to project I & D AgriFood XXI, operation NORTE-01-0145-FEDER43 000041, co-funded by European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) through NORTE 2020 (Programa Operacional Regional do Norte 2014/2020)

Benchmark on neutron capture extracted from (d,p)(d,p) reactions

Direct neutron capture reactions play an important role in nuclear astrophysics and applied physics. Since for most unstable short-lived nuclei it is not possible to measure the $(n, \gamma)$ cross sections, $(d,p)$ reactions have been used as an alternative indirect tool. We analyze simultaneously $^{48}{\rm Ca}(d,p)^{49}{\rm Ca}$ at deuteron energies $2, 13, 19$ and 56 MeV and the thermal $(n,\gamma)$ reaction at 25 meV. We include results for the ground state and the first excited state of $^{49}$Ca. From the low-energy $(d,p)$ reaction, the neutron asymptotic normalization coefficient (ANC) is determined. Using this ANC, we extract the spectroscopic factor (SF) from the higher energy $(d,p)$ data and the $(n, \gamma)$ data. The SF obtained through the 56 MeV $(d,p)$ data are less accurate but consistent with those from the thermal capture. We show that to have a similar dependence on the single particle parameters as in the $(n, \gamma)$, the (d,p) reaction should be measured at 30 MeV.Comment: 5 pg, 4 figs, Phys. Rev. C (rapid) in pres

Acervo de minerais e rochas: instrumento para o ensino de Geociências.

Litoteca é um acervo de minerais e rochas, o qual pode ser utilizado para diferentes fins. Contudo, no caso apresentado, subsidia o desenvolvimento de atividades de ensino e, posteriormente, de pesquisa e extensão.bitstream/item/144032/1/Doc-163-Acervo-Minerais-Rochas.pd

Produção de raízes finas em floresta sucessional no Nordeste paraense.

Este trabalho foi realizado no município de Castanhal, Apeú, onde está localizada a área de pesquisa do Projeto MANFLORA, situada na Estação Experimental da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, e objetivou avaliar a resposta da produção de raízes finas à irrigação durante a época seca. Para a quantificação da produção de raízes finas utilizou-se o método ingrowth technique que consiste na captura de raízes através armadilhas cilíndricas de polietileno. Foram avaliadas duas frequências de coleta das armadilhas: bimensal (frequência F1) e quadrimensal (frequência F2). Os resultados obtidos de produção bimensal e quadrimensal de raízes indicaram que não houve influência significativa do tratamento (irrigação), mas sim da sazonalidade da precipitação pluviométrica.PIBIC-2011

Mudanças climáticas e seus reflexos na paisagem do quaternário: primeiras Reflexões.

bitstream/item/107273/1/Doc-157-Mudancas-Quaternario.pd

Transfer reactions and the dispersive optical-model

The dispersive optical-model is applied to transfer reactions. A systematic study of $(d,p)$ reactions on closed-shell nuclei using the finite-range adiabatic reaction model is performed at several beam energies and results are compared to data as well as to predictions using a standard global optical-potential. Overall, we find that the dispersive optical-model is able to describe the angular distributions as well as or better than the global parameterization. In addition, it also constrains the overlap function. Spectroscopic factors extracted using the dispersive optical-model are generally lower than those using standard parameters, exhibit a reduced dependence on beam energy, and are more in line with results obtained from $(e,e'p)$ measurements.Comment: Phys. Rev. C 84, 044611 (2011

Análise de solos coesos do litoral Norte da Bahia utilizando a granulometria a laser.

Uma das características mais conspícuas dos solos dos Tabuleiros Costeiros é a coesão manifestada em horizontes subsuperficiais (horizontes coesos). Alguns autores defendem que a gênese dos horizontes coesos está relacionada a iluviação de argila muito fina, enquanto que outros relatam a importância da boa distribuição granulométrica. Visando contribuir para o entendimento dos horizontes coesos, foram realizados estudos em três perfis de solos utilizando um granulômetro a laser. O trabalho não comprovou a relação entre a translocação de argila muito fina e os horizontes coesos, contudo sugere que a boa distribuição granulométrica e a argiluviação favoreceram a constituição e evolução da coesão