Multidrug efflux pumps:structure, function and regulation

Infections arising from multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria are spreading rapidly throughout the world and threaten to become untreatable. The origins of resistance are numerous and complex, but one underlying factor is the capacity of bacteria to rapidly export drugs through the intrinsic activity of efflux pumps. In this Review, we describe recent advances that have increased our understanding of the structures and molecular mechanisms of multidrug efflux pumps in bacteria. Clinical and laboratory data indicate that efflux pumps function not only in the drug extrusion process but also in virulence and the adaptive responses that contribute to antimicrobial resistance during infection. The emerging picture of the structure, function and regulation of efflux pumps suggests opportunities for countering their activities

Studies of photoionization of CF3I by femtosecond time-resolved mass spectrometry

The multi-photon dissociative photoionization dynamics of CF3I has been studied with femtosecond two-color pump-probe time of flight mass spectra at a pump pulse of 265 nm and a probe pulse of 398 nm. The life constants of CF3I+ and its fragment ions CF3+ and I+ are obtained as (96 +/- 7), (198 +/- 130) and (167 +/- 6) fs, respectively. The multi-photon dynamics leading to these ions differ. CF3I+ corresponds to a (1 + 2') transition with one-photon pump excitation to the A band of CF3I. CF3+ are mainly formed by a tow-photon probe excitation to the CF3+ with subsequent dissociation of parent ions. I+ are produced in (2 + 2') combined with (1 + 1' + 2') process. The results provide information on the multi-photon pathways involved

Management and Anticoagulation Treatment of Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation in Elderly Patients: The Dali Study

Hong Huang, Nai-Qing Hu, Jun-Yun Yang, Yu-Luan Xiang, Yuan-Zhao Zhu, Qian-Ru Du, Xue-Yan Yin, Jin-lin Lv, Li-Hua Li Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, 671000, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Li-Hua Li, Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Jiashibo Road 32, Dali, 671000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-872-2205663, Fax +86-872-2201096, Email [email protected]: Non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is associated with increased stroke in elderly populations, yet anticoagulant therapy is underutilized. We analyzed clinical characteristics and anticoagulation treatment rates of elderly NVAF patients hospitalized in Dali, China, to identify potential contributing factors.Methods: We collected data for 155 elderly patients with NVAF aged ≥ 60 years, from July 01, 2020, to December 31, 2021. We analyzed the awareness rate, clinical characteristics, and anticoagulant treatment rate of atrial fibrillation (AF), and identified factors influencing treatment. Patients were followed up one year after discharge to assess vital status, cardiovascular events, and anticoagulation therapy status.Results: Among 155 patients, 52.26% were female, and the average age was 75.77 years. The awareness rate of AF was 47.74% at admission, and only 21.94% received anticoagulant therapy. After discharge, the rate of anticoagulant therapy significantly increased to 70.97%, and 89.09% used new oral anticoagulants. Thromboembolic history and persistent AF predicted anticoagulant therapy at discharge, while male gender, previous bleeding history, and antiplatelet therapy predicted non-anticoagulant therapy. Out of 133 patients who completed a one-year follow-up, 23.31% died, 3.01% had strokes, and 3.01% experienced bleeding. Anticoagulant therapy decreased to 51.96% during the follow-up year.Conclusion: Our findings highlight the low awareness rate and anticoagulant treatment rate, and high mortality among elderly NVAF patients in Dali. The development of comprehensive intervention strategies is critical to standardize AF management and improve prognosis.Keywords: non-valvular atrial fibrillation, awareness rate of atrial fibrillation, anticoagulant therapy, stroke, all-cause deat

Femtosecond (2+1 ') pump-probe mass spectroscopy on the Rydberg states of ammonia

The Rydberg state decay dynamics of ammonia is investigated in real-time by (2 + 1') femtosecond pump-probe ionization detection. The lifetime of ammonia in the (E) over tilde (1)A'(1) state is determined as 936 +/- 92 fs for the first time. The internal conversion (IC) pre-dissociation mechanism of the (E) over tilde'(1)A'(1), state has been discussed in this report. Concurrently, the (A) over tilde (1)A"(2) state (v'(2) = 4) lifetime is estimated as 51 +/- 4 fs, which is identical with the previous reports. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

The Shanghai Changfeng Study: a community-based prospective cohort study of chronic diseases among middle-aged and elderly: objectives and design

The Shanghai Changfeng Study is a community-based prospective cohort study of chronic diseases ongoing since February 2009 in Shanghai, China. The study focuses on multiple chronic diseases, including obesity and metabolic syndrome, diabetes, osteoporosis, liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases and neurologic diseases. 15,000 subjects of 40 years or over are planned to be recruited. The rationale, objectives and design of this study are described in this paper