Use of phylloplane fungi as biocontrol agent against Colletotrichum leaf disease of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.)

Phylloplane fungi were used as biocontrol agent against Colletotrichum leaf disease of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.). Aspergillus sp. lysed the cytoplasm of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on Potato Dextrose Agar. Trichophyton sp. and Gliocladium sp. antagonised C. gloeosporioides byovergrowing on it. Other phylloplanes used in this study such as Botrytis sp., Pleurothecium sp. and Staphylotrichum sp. exhibited weak antagonism on the pathogen while Gonatorrhodiella sp. and Syncephalastrum sp. showed different levels of zones of inhibition with the pathogen. Metabolitesproduced by Gonatorrhodiella sp. and Syncephalastrum sp. affected the pathogen by antibiosis. This finding showed that Trichocladium sp. and Trichophyton sp. exhibited the highest antagonistic effects on C. gloeosporioides

Inhibition of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz) Sac. causal organism of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) leaf spot using plant extracts

In vitro and in vivo antifungal evaluations were carried out on twenty-one plants selected from fourteen families on a folial pathogen of para rubber, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz). Sac. Extracts ofOcimum basilicum L. and Allium sativum L. exhibited total inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth of C. Gloeosporioides. An evaluation of concentration effects was carried out using four concentrations offive selected plants: A. sativum, Jatropha curcas, O. Basilicum, Vernonia amygdalina and Ageratum conyzoides. A. sativum and O. basilicum totally inhibited conidial germination 24 h after inoculation, and conidial germination in liquid amended media was recorded only in the A. conyzoides amended liquid media. An in vivo evaluation showed that treatment with 100% O. basilicum resulted in disease index (D.I) of 31.7% which was significantly lower than the control 65% D.I at 5% level of probability

Valorisation of mango peels: extraction of pectin and antioxidant and antifungal polyphenols

Mango peels is a by-product obtained during mango processing, which is currently discarded causing environmental pollution. In the present study, mango peels were used as source of polyphenols and pectin. Additionally, antioxidant and antifungal activities were measured. The extraction condition to recover pectin and polyphenols at the same time was using water, 121 °C/10 min at 1:40 w/v ratio (9.38 g/100 g dry peels and 72.61 mg/g dry peels, respectively). With this treatment, higher antioxidant capacity was obtained (72.18, 37.73 and 39.23 ppm of total polyphenols from mango peels to inhibit 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) free radical; also the lipid oxidation inhibition reaction in 50%, respectively). Furthermore, this extract inhibited the radial growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Mucor sp. in 50% and Fusarium oxysporum in 33.33%. Thus, the results suggest that total polyphenols from mango peels is as attractive alternative source for bioactive compounds, like antioxidants and antifungal molecules.Authors thank Mexican Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) for the financial support given to the project.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio