34 research outputs found
Formulation and evaluation of in situ
Gel dosage forms are successfully used as drug delivery systems to control drug release and protect the medicaments from a hostile environment. The main objective is to formulate and evaluate in situ oral topical gels of clotrimazole based on the concept of pH triggered and ion activated systems. The system utilizes polymers that exhibit sol-to-gel phase transition due to change in specific physico-chemical parameters. A pH triggered system consisting of carbopol 934P (0.2-1.4% w/v) and ion triggered system using gellan gum (0.1-0.75% w/v) along with hydroxylpropylmethylcelluose E50LV was used to prolong the release of clotrimazole (0.1% w/v). Formulations were evaluated for gelling capacity, viscosity, gel strength, bioadhesive force, spreadability, microbiological studies and in vitro release. The use of carbopol as in situ gel forming system was substantiated by the property to transform into stiff gels when the pH was raised, whereas in gellan gum this transformation occurred in the presence of monovalent/divalent cations. Effect of calcium carbonate and other process parameters optimized and found that increase in calcium ions produced stronger gels. The drug content, clarity, and pH of the formulation were found to be satisfactory. The viscosity was found to be in the range 5 to 85 centipoise for the sol, whereas for the gels it was up to 16000 centipoise. The formulation showed pseudoplastic flow with thixotrophy. The maximum gel strength (using texture analyzer) and bioadhesion was found to be up to 6.5 g and 4 g, respectively. The optimized formulations were able to release the drug up to 6 h. The formulation containing gellan gum showed better sustained release compared to carbopol based gels
Formulation of chitosan-based ciprofloxacin and diclofenac film for periodontitis therapy
Purpose: This study was designed to develop and evaluate chitosan
films containing ciprofloxacin and diclofenac sodium for the topical
treatment of periodontitis. Methods: Chitosan films containing
ciprofloxacin alone and in combination with diclofenac sodium were
prepared by solvent casting method. Some of the drug-loaded films were
crosslinked with 2% gluteraldehyde for 2 and 4 h, respectively. The
films were then evaluated for their physicochemical properties
including weight variation, thickness, tensile strength, in vitro
release, stability and antibacterial activity. Results: Mean weight
and thickness data showed that the different films were uniform.
Tensile strength was maximum for drug-free films and minimum for films
containing the highest amount of drug(s). In vitro drug release data
indicate that the films showed an initial burst release followed by
sustained release of the drug(s). Films stored at refrigerated
conditions exhibited slower degradation rate. The drug-loaded films
that were crosslinked for 4 h had inhibitory effect on Staph mutans for
up to 24 days. Conclusion: The study suggests that crosslinked
chitosan film containing ciprofloxacin and diclofenac is a potential
drug delivery device for the topical treatment of periodontitis. Good
physicochemical properties were shown by the films