“<i>I do it because they do it</i>”:social-neutralisation in information security practices of Saudi medical interns

Successful implementation of information security policies (ISP) and IT controls play an important role in safeguarding patient privacy in healthcare organizations. Our study investigates the factors that lead to healthcare practitioners' neutralisation of ISPs, leading to non-compliance. The study adopted a qualitative approach and conducted a series of semi-structured interviews with medical interns and hospital IT department managers and staff in an academic hospital in Saudi Arabia. The study's findings revealed that the MIs imitate their peers' actions and employ similar justifications when violating ISP dictates. Moreover, MI team superiors' (seniors) ISP non-compliance influence MIs tendency to invoke neutralisation techniques. We found that the trust between the medical team members is an essential social facilitator that motivates MIs to invoke neutralisation techniques to justify violating ISP policies and controls. These findings add new insights that help us to understand the relationship between the social context and neutralisation theory in triggering ISP non-compliance

Criminal Offender Trajectories and (White-Collar) Occupational Prestige

Empirical research on criminal career offending patterns has identified distinct offender trajectories that exhibit substantial heterogeneity in both the size and shape of offending over the life course. Very little research however, has examined specific outcomes associated with offending trajectories. This study uses data from several hundred South London males who were part of the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development to examine how offender trajectories through age 40 relate to job classification at age 48. Results indicate that high-rate chronic offenders are least likely to hold prestigious white-collar jobs, while non-offenders are the most likely to be in such positions. Directions for future research are highlighted.No Full Tex

The Economic Maturity Gap Encourages Continuity in Offending

In the study of criminal careers, factors that predict continuity in offending are of importance to both theory and policy. One recently advanced hypothesis is Moffitt’s “economic maturity gap,” which argues that some adolescence-limited offenders may be mired in a poor economic situation. As only one study to date has examined this hypothesis, the current study seeks to extend this line of research by assessing the relationship of the economic maturity gap on later offending.Using data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, three distinct operationalizations of the economic maturity gap are used to predict continued offending into mid-adulthood.Findings support the hypothesis that adolescence-limited males who experience this gap in late adolescence are more likely to continue offending into adulthood.Experiencing poor economic circumstances helps to maintain offending into mid-adulthood

The Cambridge Study: Previous Results

The Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development represents one of the longest and most comprehensive, prospective longitudinal studies in the world focusing on offending, risk factors, and life events. Evidence gleaned from nearly five decades of research has generated a wealth of empirical information relevant for criminology and related disciplines with regard to family criminality, the relationship between employment and crime, risk factors associated with offending, the association between offending and adverse physical health outcomes, and the costs of crime. This chapter reviews these research findings in detail and concludes with a discussion of the strengths and limitations of the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development