2 research outputs found
Diversity and Antibiograms of Bacterial Organisms Isolated from Samples of Household Drinking-water Consumed by HIV-positive Individuals in Rural Settings, South Africa
Diarrhoea is a hallmark of HIV infections in developing countries, and
many diarrhoea-causing agents are often transmitted through water. The
objective of the study was to determine the diversity and antibiotic
susceptibility profiles of bacterial organisms isolated from samples of
household drinking-water consumed by HIV-infected and AIDS patients. In
the present study, household water stored for use by HIV-positive
patients was tested for microbial quality, and isolated bacterial
organisms were analyzed for their susceptibility profiles against 25
different antibiotics. The microbial quality of water was generally
poor, and about 58% of water samples (n=270) were contaminated with
faecal coliforms, with counts varying from 2 colony-forming unit
(CFU)/100 mL to 2.4x104 CFU/100 mL. Values of total coliform counts
ranged from 17 CFU/100 mL to 7.9x105/100 mL. In total, 37 different
bacterial species were isolated, and the major isolates included
Acinetobacter lwoffii (7.5%), Enterobacter cloacae (7.5%), Shigella
spp. (14.2%), Yersinia enterocolitica (6.7%), and Pseudomonas
spp. (16.3%). No Vibrio cholerae could be isolated; however, V.
fluvialis was isolated from three water samples. The isolated
organisms were highly resistant to cefazolin (83.5%), cefoxitin
(69.2%), ampicillin (66.4%), and cefuroxime (66.2%). Intermediate
resistance was observed against gentamicin (10.6%), cefepime (13.4%),
ceftriaxone (27.6%), and cefotaxime (29.9%). Levofloxacin (0.7%),
ceftazidime (2.2%), meropenem (3%), and ciprofloxacin (3.7%) were the
most active antibiotics against all the microorganisms, with all
recording less than 5% resistance. Multiple drug resistance was very
common, and 78% of the organisms were resistant to three or more
antibiotics. Education on treatment of household water is advised for
HIV-positive patients, and measures should be taken to improve
point-of-use water treatment as immunosuppressed individuals would be
more susceptible to opportunistic infections
Diversity and Antibiograms of Bacterial Organisms Isolated from Samples of Household Drinking-water Consumed by HIV-positive Individuals in Rural Settings, South Africa
Diarrhoea is a hallmark of HIV infections in developing countries, and
many diarrhoea-causing agents are often transmitted through water. The
objective of the study was to determine the diversity and antibiotic
susceptibility profiles of bacterial organisms isolated from samples of
household drinking-water consumed by HIV-infected and AIDS patients. In
the present study, household water stored for use by HIV-positive
patients was tested for microbial quality, and isolated bacterial
organisms were analyzed for their susceptibility profiles against 25
different antibiotics. The microbial quality of water was generally
poor, and about 58% of water samples (n=270) were contaminated with
faecal coliforms, with counts varying from 2 colony-forming unit
(CFU)/100 mL to 2.4x104 CFU/100 mL. Values of total coliform counts
ranged from 17 CFU/100 mL to 7.9x105/100 mL. In total, 37 different
bacterial species were isolated, and the major isolates included
Acinetobacter lwoffii (7.5%), Enterobacter cloacae (7.5%), Shigella
spp. (14.2%), Yersinia enterocolitica (6.7%), and Pseudomonas
spp. (16.3%). No Vibrio cholerae could be isolated; however, V.
fluvialis was isolated from three water samples. The isolated
organisms were highly resistant to cefazolin (83.5%), cefoxitin
(69.2%), ampicillin (66.4%), and cefuroxime (66.2%). Intermediate
resistance was observed against gentamicin (10.6%), cefepime (13.4%),
ceftriaxone (27.6%), and cefotaxime (29.9%). Levofloxacin (0.7%),
ceftazidime (2.2%), meropenem (3%), and ciprofloxacin (3.7%) were the
most active antibiotics against all the microorganisms, with all
recording less than 5% resistance. Multiple drug resistance was very
common, and 78% of the organisms were resistant to three or more
antibiotics. Education on treatment of household water is advised for
HIV-positive patients, and measures should be taken to improve
point-of-use water treatment as immunosuppressed individuals would be
more susceptible to opportunistic infections