Identification of the Mechanism Responsible for Maternal IgA Secretion That Depends on the Gut Microbial Stimulation in Peyer\u27s Patches

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The relationship between trust for teachers and friends and school adjustment in junior high school students

本研究では, 中学生の教師に対する信頼感と学校適応感の関連を検討した先行研究の調査方法に付随する問題点を検討するために, 先行研究と同様の調査方法を使用するA群と改善した調査方法を使用するB群を比較した。また, 友人に対する信頼感を調査するC群を設定し, 教師に対する信頼感と友人に対する信頼感のどちらが学校適応感と関連しやすいかを比較検討した。その結果, 先行研究の調査方法は改善の余地があること, 教師に対する信頼感は友人に対する信頼感よりも中学生の学校適応感とより関連することが明らかになった

Evaluation of factors affecting health-related quality of life in patients treated for oral cancer

This study aimed to clarify the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with oral cancer and elucidate the factors that affect HRQOL. The participants were 14 male and 10 female patients who underwent definitive surgery. The patients' mean age was 68.2 years. A total of 21 oral cancer cases (87.5%) were in the early stages (stages 0-II), and 15 (62.5%) to tongue cancer. This study's assessments were conducted using HRQOL questionnaires (e.g., the SF-8 and EORTC QLQ Head&Neck35(QLQ-H&N35)) and the Beck Depression Inventory—second edition (BDI-II) along with evaluations of speech, mastication, and swallowing function. The evaluations were performed before surgery and one month, three months, and six months after surgery. There was no significant change in the SF-8 and BDI-II scores during the study period. However, the scores for pain, speech problems, social contact, and coughing within the QLQ-H&N35 significantly increased post-surgery. Furthermore, significant correlations were observed between almost all SF-8 scores and some QLQ-H&N35 scores. Speech intelligibility and masticatory and swallowing functions were significantly correlated with speech problems, social eating, and swallowing within the QLQ-H&N35. These results indicate that disease-specific and site-specific HRQOL decline as a result of oral dysfunction

Validation of a Cox prognostic model for tooth autotransplantation

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to validate our Cox proportional hazards prognostic model for autotransplantation of teeth with complete root formation using prognostic index (PI) and determine whether the prognosis can be predicted. Patients and Methods The Protocol group, as a training data set for validation, consisted of 259 autotransplanted teeth to create a PI using the Cox model, as described previously. The Pre‐protocol group, as the first validation data set, consisted of 95 autotransplanted teeth treated without a protocol. The Post‐protocol group, as the second validation data set, consisted of 61 autotransplanted teeth obtained after the establishment of the prognostic model. Because four prognostic factors, including history of root canal treatment (yes), number of roots (multirooted), source of donor tooth (maxillary tooth), and duration of edentulism (≥2.5 months), were selected as a Cox prognostic model, 16 patterns of PI were constructed. First, the autotransplantated teeth in the Protocol group were divided into low‐ and high‐risk groups respectively according to the median of PI as the cutoff value. The survival curves of low‐ and high‐risk groups were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and tested using the log‐rank test. Then, in the Pre‐ and Post‐protocol groups, all transplanted teeth were divided into low‐and high‐risk teeth by the median of PI and the survival curves of low‐ and high‐ risk teeth were analyzed statistically in a similar manner. Results The survival curves of the low‐ and high‐risk groups diverged significantly in the Protocol and Post‐protocol groups. In the Pre‐protocol group, the curves of the low‐ and high‐risk groups were separated, and the low‐risk survival rate was improved. Conclusions Our Cox prognostic model for autotransplantation of teeth with complete root formation was useful in predicting the prognosis by external validation using PI

A comparison and evaluation of the use of ultrasonic cutting devices with conventional powered instruments in orthognathic surgery

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonic orthognathic surgery compared to conventional methods using powered instruments. The subjects were 146 patients in whom dentofacial deformities had been surgically corrected by a combined surgery of Le Fort I osteotomy and BSSO, and they were divided into two groups: 88 patients who underwent surgery using powered instruments and 58 patients who underwent surgery using the serrated aggressive knife tip of an ultrasonic bone cutting device. Intraoperative bleeding volume and surgical time in two groups were compared. Intraoperative bleeding volume in the ultrasonic bone cutting device group was significantly smaller by 36% than that in the powered instruments group. On the other hand, surgical time in the ultrasonic bone cutting device group was significantly longer by 11% than that in the powered instruments group. Although there was a significant correlation between intraoperative bleeding volume and operation time in each group, the regression line in the ultrasonic bone cutting device group was lower and gentler than that in the powered instruments group. Therefore, it is considered that ultrasonic orthognathic surgery with a serrated aggressive knife tip is very effective for improving safety

Identification of a novel mechanism of action of bovine IgG antibodies specific for Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen that causes subclinical mastitis associated with huge economic losses to the dairy industry. A few vaccines for bovine mastitis are available, and they are expected to induce the production of S. aureus-specific antibodies that prevent bacterial adherence to host cells or promote opsonization by phagocytes. However, the efficacy of such vaccines are still under debate; therefore, further research focusing on improving the current vaccines by seeking additional mechanisms of action is required to reduce economic losses due to mastitis in the dairy industry. Here, we generated S. aureus-specific bovine IgG antibodies (anti-S. aureus) that directly inhibited bacterial growth in vitro. Inhibition depended on specificity for anti-S. aureus, not the interaction between Protein A and the fragment crystallizable region of the IgG antibodies or bacterial agglutination. An in vitro culture study using S. aureus strain JE2 and its deletion mutant JE2ΔSrtA, which lacks the gene encoding sortase A, revealed that the effect of anti-S. aureus was sortase-A-independent. Sortase A is involved in the synthesis of cell-wall-associated proteins. Thus, other surface molecules, such as membrane proteins, cell surface polysaccharides, or both, may trigger the inhibition of bacterial growth by anti-S. aureus. Together, our findings contribute insights into developing new strategies to further improve the available mastitis vaccine by designing a novel antigen on the surface of S. aureus to induce inhibitory signals that prevent bacterial growth

Identification of a novel mechanism of action of bovine IgG antibodies specific for Staphylococcus aureus

International audienceAbstractStaphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen that causes subclinical mastitis associated with huge economic losses to the dairy industry. A few vaccines for bovine mastitis are available, and they are expected to induce the production of S. aureus-specific antibodies that prevent bacterial adherence to host cells or promote opsonization by phagocytes. However, the efficacy of such vaccines are still under debate; therefore, further research focusing on improving the current vaccines by seeking additional mechanisms of action is required to reduce economic losses due to mastitis in the dairy industry. Here, we generated S. aureus-specific bovine IgG antibodies (anti-S. aureus) that directly inhibited bacterial growth in vitro. Inhibition depended on specificity for anti-S. aureus, not the interaction between Protein A and the fragment crystallizable region of the IgG antibodies or bacterial agglutination. An in vitro culture study using S. aureus strain JE2 and its deletion mutant JE2ΔSrtA, which lacks the gene encoding sortase A, revealed that the effect of anti-S. aureus was sortase-A-independent. Sortase A is involved in the synthesis of cell-wall-associated proteins. Thus, other surface molecules, such as membrane proteins, cell surface polysaccharides, or both, may trigger the inhibition of bacterial growth by anti-S. aureus. Together, our findings contribute insights into developing new strategies to further improve the available mastitis vaccine by designing a novel antigen on the surface of S. aureus to induce inhibitory signals that prevent bacterial growth