1,067 research outputs found
Detecting ecological-economic effects of marine spatial plans from displacing the bottom fishing pressure
Extracellular microRNAs in Relation to Weight Loss—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Obesity is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Even a modest weight loss of 5–15% improves metabolic health, but circulating markers to indicate weight loss efficiency are lacking. MicroRNAs, small non-coding post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, are secreted from tissues into the circulation and may be potential biomarkers for metabolic health. However, it is not known which specific microRNA species are reproducibly changed in levels by weight loss. In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the microRNAs associated with weight loss by comparing baseline to follow-up levels following intervention-driven weight loss. This systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines with searches in PubMed and SCOPUS. The primary search resulted in a total of 697 articles, which were screened according to the prior established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Following the screening of articles, the review was based on the inclusion of 27 full-text articles, which were evaluated for quality and the risk of bias. We performed systematic data extraction, whereafter the relative values for miRNAs were calculated. A meta-analysis was performed for the miRNA species investigated in three or more studies: miR-26a, miR-126, and miR-223 were overall significantly increased following weight loss, while miR-142 was significantly decreased after weight loss. miR-221, miR-140, miR-122, and miR-146 were not significantly changed by intervention-driven weight loss. These results indicate that few miRNAs are significantly changed during weight loss.</p
U(1) effective confinement theory from SU(2) restricted gauge theory via the Julia-Toulouse Approach
We derive an U(1) effective theory of color confinement by applying the
so-called Julia-Toulouse Approach for defects condensation to the SU(2)
restricted gauge theory defined by means of the Cho decomposition of the
non-abelian connection. Cho's geometric construction naturally displays the
topological degrees of freedom of the theory and can be used to put the
Yang-Mills action into an abelianized form under certain conditions. On the
other hand, the use of the Julia-Toulouse prescription to deal with the
monopole condensation leads to an effective action describing the phase whose
dynamics is dominated by the magnetic condensate. The effective theory we found
describes the interaction between external electric currents displaying a
short-range Yukawa interaction plus a linear confinement term that governs the
long distance physics.Comment: 7 page
Energy States of Colored Particle in a Chromomagnetic Field
The unitary transformation, which diagonalizes squared Dirac equation in a
constant chromomagnetic field is found. Applying this transformation, we find
the eigenfunctions of diagonalized Hamiltonian, that describe the states with
definite value of energy and call them energy states. It is pointed out that,
the energy states are determined by the color interaction term of the particle
with the background chromofield and this term is responsible for the splitting
of the energy spectrum.
We construct supercharge operators for the diagonal Hamiltonian, that ensure
the superpartner property of the energy states.Comment: 25 pages, some calculation details have been removed, typos correcte
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Parameters for Calcite Nucleation on Peptoid and Model Scaffolds:A Step toward Nacre Mimicry
Entanglement in the quantum Ising model
We study the asymptotic scaling of the entanglement of a block of spins for
the ground state of the one-dimensional quantum Ising model with transverse
field. When the field is sufficiently strong, the entanglement grows at most
logarithmically in the number of spins. The proof utilises a transformation to
a model of classical probability called the continuum random-cluster model, and
is based on a property of the latter model termed ratio weak-mixing. Our proof
applies equally to a large class of disordered interactions
Confront Holographic QCD with Regge Trajectories of vectors and axial-vectors
We derive the general 5-dimension metric structure of the system in
type II superstring theory, and demonstrate the physical meaning of the
parameters characterizing the 5-dimension metric structure of the
\textit{holographic} QCD model by relating them to the parameters describing
Regge trajectories. By matching the spectra of vector mesons with
deformed soft-wall model, we find that the spectra of vector mesons
can be described very well in the soft-wall model, i.e,
soft-wall model. We then investigate how well the soft-wall
model can describe the Regge trajectory of axial-vector mesons . We find
that the constant component of the 5-dimension mass square of axial-vector
mesons plays an efficient role to realize the chiral symmetry breaking in the
vacuum, and a small negative correction in the 5-dimension mass square is
helpful to realize the chiral symmetry restoration in high excitation states.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure and 3 tables, one section adde
Propagators in Noncommutative Instantons
We explicitly construct Green functions for a field in an arbitrary
representation of gauge group propagating in noncommutative instanton
backgrounds based on the ADHM construction. The propagators for spinor and
vector fields can be constructed in terms of those for the scalar field in
noncommutative instanton background. We show that the propagators in the
adjoint representation are deformed by noncommutativity while those in the
fundamental representation have exactly the same form as the commutative case.Comment: 28 pages, Latex, v2: A few typos correcte
Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking by a Magnetic Field in QED
It is shown that the chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken by a constant
magnetic field in QED. The dynamical mass of fermions (energy gap in the
fermion spectrum) is , where is the
magnetic field, the constant is of order one and is the
renormalized coupling constant. Possible applications of this effect are
discussed.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX. The final journal version (with minor corrections
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