Dental practice in the UK in 2015/2016. Part 2: aspects of direct restorations, bleaching, endodontics and paediatric dentistry.

Objective To follow up related studies reported in 2004/2005 and 2011/2012 by investigating aspects of direct restorations, bleaching, endodontics and paediatric dentistry in general dental practice, as part of a survey of arrangements and procedures in the clinical practice of dentistry. Methods The data presented were extracted from the data obtained from a piloted, 121-question questionnaire distributed at random to general dental practitioners in the UK attending postgraduate meetings in 2015/2016, with a wide distribution of locations. Percentages reported are based upon the number of respondents who answered each question, given that not all respondents answered all 121 questions included in the questionnaire. Results Between 2008 and 2015, composite displaced amalgam as the material most commonly used by general dental practitioners (GDPs) for the restoration of two surface cavities in premolars and permanent molar teeth. Only 24% of respondents were of the view that dental amalgam should continue to be used freely, but not because of environmental or mercury toxicity concerns. In applying minimum intervention dentistry approaches, repair rather than replacement was considered by most GDPs for the management of defective restorations, irrespective of the material forming the restoration. The provision of home-based, vital bleaching had increased since 2008, with tooth sensitivity being the most commonly reported, unwanted side effect. A small majority of respondents (54%) were of the view that facial soft tissue aesthetics should be considered the practice of dentistry. Rubber dam was widely used in endodontic procedures (85%) but not for other procedures. Rotary instrumentation was routinely used in root canal treatment by 88% of the respondents. A greater percentage of respondents indicated that they would use a preformed metal crown to restore primary molars either routinely or occasionally, compared to eight years ago (35% cf 23%). Over three quarters of the respondents had heard of the Hall crown technique, and 50% of them had used it to good effect in their practices. Conclusion Key aspects of general dental practice in the UK changed between 2008 and 2015, highlighting the dynamic nature of clinical practice and the scope of practice of dentistry. Studies of the type reported are considered important in investigating trends and developments in dentistry

IMPLIKASI MUKBANG DALAM KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT MUSLIM DALAM PERSPEKTIF TAFSIR TEMATIK

Tesis ini membahas ayat-ayat fenomena Mukbang dalam Al-Qur‟an. Penulis menganalisa dan mengambil ayat-ayat Mukbang berdasarkan pada fenomenafenomena yang sedang terjadi. Mukbang adalah fenomena yang berasal dari negara Korea, yang merupakan sebuah konten yang diminati banyak orang yang dapat diartikan sebagai siaran makan. Fenomena ini sudah menyebar ke seluruh negara termasuk Indonesia. Bedanya di Indonesia, mereka melakukan Mukbang dengan beragam konten selain makan dalam kuantitas yang banyak, ada yang dimulai dengan adegan memasak menu dan setelahnya memakan makanan tersebut, dan ada juga yang berkuliner jajanan sehingga jutaan rupiah lalu menyantapnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisa ayat (tahlili) dan kualitatif, namun penulis juga memasukan sumber rujukan dari hasil wawancara berdasarkan poin-poin fenomena Mukbang yang penulis teliti. Adapun fenomenafenomena Mukbang yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah: Mengikuti budaya orang kafir QS Ali Imran 149, berlebihan dalam makan dan minum QS Al-A‟raf 31, makan melewati batas QS Taha 81, ketakutan QS al-Baqarah 155, pamer atau riya‟ QS an-Nisa 38, tidak ada kesadaran diri QS al-Baqarah 12, tidak menjaga kesehatan dengan makan makanan yang baik QS al-Baqarah 168, ketenteraman hati dalam duniawi QS ar-Rad 28, kenikmatan dunia akan lenyap QS an-Nahl 96. Adapun poin pada fenomena-fenomena ini penulis kuatkan lagi dengan melalui wawancara terhadap pelaku Mukbang, bahwa salah satu penyebab pelaku ingin mengikuti tren ini adalah karena merasa tren ini menyenangkan bagi dirinya. Buya Hamka menafsirkan tidak boleh adanya berlebihan bahwa pakaian yang pantas, makan dan minum yang sederhana melambangkan sikap hidup Muslim. Tidak boleh memperturutkan selera atau nafsu semata. Salah satunya seperti yang dilakukan dalam tren Mukbang ini, yaitu berlebihan dalam makan dan membelanjakan harta semata-mata hanya sebuah konten dan popularitas. Prilaku negatif dalam tren ini adalah menjadikan tren ini sebagai penghilang stres baik pelakunya maupun penontonnya dan menyangkal adanya mudharat, tidak menyadari apa yang dilakukan adalah mengikuti perbuatan orang kafir, dan merasa apa yang dilakukan oleh pelaku Mukbang adalah sesuatu yang baik padahal syaitan lah yang membujuk bahwa perbuatan itu baik

Social Disparities in Private Renting Amongst Young Families in England and Wales, 2001-2011

This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Taylor & Francis via https://doi.org/10.1080/14036096.2016.1242511In Britain, the proportion of young families living in the private rented sector (PRS) has risen sharply in recent years. There is mounting concern that this trend could be particularly pronounced amongst less advantaged young families, who may be disproportionately channelled into relatively costly, insecure and lower quality accommodation in the PRS by growing difficulties accessing other tenures. In consequence, this paper uses the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study of England and Wales to compare how family structure and socio-economic characteristics shaped rates of private renting amongst young adults heading families in 2001 and 2011. The results show that social disparities generally increased during this period as private renting expanded most rapidly amongst some types of lone parent and amongst young adults heading couple families with a less advantaged class position. Increasing housing inequalities between young people may thus be as much a feature of “Generation Rent” as deepening divides between generations.This work was supported by an Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Future Research Leaders award [grant number ES/L009498/1]. Additional financial support was provided by the Isaac Newton Trust

An estimate of carbon emissions from 2004 wildfires across Alaskan Yukon River Basin

© 2007 Tan et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens

Dental practice in the UK in 2015/2016. Part 4: changes since 2002?

Objectives To determine, by means of anonymous self-report questionnaires, the changes in demographic profile, practising details and utilisation of clinical techniques/materials of general dental practitioners (GDPs) in the UK between 2002 and 2015. Method A wide-ranging, validated questionnaire, designed to elicit information on the practising arrangements and techniques and materials used, was distributed to UK-based GDPs in 2002, 2008 and 2015 with a request that they complete the questionnaire and return it by post in the reply-paid envelope to the corresponding author. Results Questionnaires were distributed by post to 1,000 UK-based GDPs in 2004 and 2008, with an additional 500 questionnaires being distributed at postgraduate meetings in 2015. Response rates of 70%, 66% and 78% were achieved, respectively. Of the respondents, 73% were male in 2002, while 67% and 60% were male in 2008 and 2015, respectively. In 2002, 65% were practice principals, falling to 51% in 2015. Regarding how patients paid for their dental care, 86% of respondents in 2002 treated patients within the NHS arrangements, compared with 57% and 50% in 2008 and 2015, respectively. The data collected in 2015 indicated that 55% of respondents had an intra-oral camera; while, with regard to recently introduced concepts and techniques, 80% used nickel-titanium files, 47% used zirconia-based bridgework, 25% used tricalcium silicate, and 17% used CAD/CAM restoration. Of great interest, perhaps, is the response to digital radiography/imaging, with the results indicating that, by 2015, 74% of respondents used this form of radiography. Conclusion Results from the three surveys indicated that NHS service provision has dropped to 50%. Regarding the staffing of dental practices, just over half the respondents were practice principals. The results also indicated that UK dentists continue to be innovative and forward-looking in the techniques that they employ

Dental amalgam and mercury in dentistry

The document attached has been archived with permission from the Australian Dental Association. An external link to the publisher’s copy is included.Mercury in dentistry has re-emerged as a contentious issue in public health, predominantly because so many people are inadvertently exposed to mercury in order to obtain the benefits of dental amalgam fillings, and the risks remain difficult to interpret. This commentary aims to examine the issues involved in public policy assessment of the continued use of dental amalgam in dentistry.AJ Spence

Dental practice in the UK in 2015/2016. Part 3: aspects of indirect restorations and fixed prosthodontics.

Objective This paper reports data which helps identify changes and trends in the provision of indirect fixed prostheses in general dental practice in the UK. To determine by means of an anonymous, self-report questionnaire, the current trend in the provision of fixed prosthodontic treatments, with a special emphasis on the choice of treatment modalities, techniques and materials. Methods The data presented were extracted from the data obtained from a validated, 121-question questionnaire distributed at random to general dental practitioners in the UK attending postgraduate meetings in 2015/2016, with a wide distribution of locations. Results A response rate exceeding 66% was achieved. Amalgam and light-cured composite were the preferred material for core build-up of vital teeth for around 62% of the respondents. Dentine pins were still being used by 66% of the respondents. The vast majority of respondents (92%) used a post and core to restore root-treated teeth. Fibre posts were the most commonly used (63%) type of preformed post among the respondents. Using the opposing and adjacent teeth as a reference to control tooth structure reduction during vital tooth preparation was the most common method, used by 42% of the respondents. Addition-cured silicone impression materials were the most frequently used impression material (78%). The surveyed practitioners were equally split between precious and non-precious metals as the substructure for indirect restorations. Glass-ionomer luting cements (47%) and resin-based cements (52%) were the most commonly used to cement porcelain fused to metal and zirconia indirect restorations, respectively. Laboratory made aesthetic veneers were prescribed by half of the respondents, while a third of them preferred direct resin composite as a veneer material. Conclusion Within the limitations of the study, it was concluded that there has been an increase in the use of adhesive bonding and metal-free restorations. Amalgam and dentine pins continued to be used, contrary to international trends. Studies of the type reported are considered important in investigating trends and developments in dentistry