Interviewing suspects: examining the association between skills, questioning, evidence disclosure, and interview outcomes

The interviewing of suspects is an important element in the investigation of crime. However, studies concerning actual performance of investigators when undertaking such interviews remain sparse. Nevertheless, in England and Wales, since the introduction of a prescribed framework over 20 years ago, field studies have generally shown an improvement in interviewing performance, notwithstanding ongoing concerns largely relating to the more demanding aspects (such as building/maintaining rapport, intermittent summarising and the logical development of topics). Using a sample of 70 real-life interviews, the present study examined questioning and various evidence disclosure strategies (which have also been found demanding), examining their relationships between interview skills and interview outcomes. It was found that when evidence was disclosed gradually (but revealed later), interviews were generally both more skilled and involved the gaining of comprehensive accounts, whereas when evidence was disclosed either early or very late, interviews were found to be both less skilled and less likely to involve this outcome. These findings contribute towards an increased research base for the prescribed framework

Spectroscopy of the Methane {\nu}3 Band with an Accurate Mid-Infrared Coherent Dual- Comb Spectrometer

We demonstrate a high-accuracy dual-comb spectrometer centered at 3.4 \mu m. The amplitude and phase spectra of the P, Q, and partial R-branch of the methane {\nu}3 band are measured at 25 MHz to 100 MHz point spacing with ~kHz resolution and a signal-to-noise ratio of up to 3500. A fit of the absorbance and phase spectra yield the center frequency of 132 rovibrational lines. The systematic uncertainty is estimated to be 300 kHz, which is 10-3 of the Doppler width and a tenfold improvement over Fourier transform spectroscopy. These data are the first high- accuracy molecular spectra obtained with a direct comb spectrometer.Comment: journal articl

Coherent Dual Comb Spectroscopy at High Signal to Noise

Two frequency combs can be used to measure the full complex response of a sample in a configuration which can be alternatively viewed as the equivalent of a dispersive Fourier transform spectrometer, infrared time domain spectrometer, or a multiheterodyne laser spectrometer. This dual comb spectrometer retains the frequency accuracy and resolution inherent to the comb sources. We discuss, in detail, the specific design of our coherent dual-comb spectrometer and demonstrate the potential of this technique by measuring the first overtone vibration of hydrogen cyanide, centered at 194 THz (1545 nm). We measure the fully normalized, complex response of the gas over a 9 THz bandwidth at 220 MHz frequency resolution yielding 41,000 resolution elements. The average spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is 2,500 for both the fractional absorption and the phase, with a peak SNR of 4,000 corresponding to a fractional absorption sensitivity of 0.025% and phase sensitivity of 250 microradians. As the spectral coverage of combs expands, this dual-comb spectroscopy could provide high frequency accuracy and resolution measurements of a complex sample response across a range of spectral regions.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures updated references, updated to match publication versio

The SLAC high‐density 3He target polarized by spin‐exchange optical plumbing

A new high‐density 3He target polarized by spin exchange with optically pumped rubidium vapor has recently been used at the Stanford Linear Accelerator in an experiment to measure the longitudinal spin‐dependent structure function of the neutron. The 3He target operated at a density of 2.3×1020 atoms/cm3 in a 30 cm long scattering region with polarizations between 30% and 40% measured with NMR techniques. Target cells with several day spin‐relaxation times were developed in order to achieve these polarizations.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87509/2/244_1.pd

Nutritional intakes of highly trained adolescent swimmers before, during, and after a national lockdown in the COVID-19 pandemic

Strict lockdown measures were introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused mass disruption to adolescent swimmers’ daily routines. To measure how lockdown impacted nutritional practices in this cohort, three-day photograph food diaries were analysed at three time points: before (January), during (April), and after (September) the first UK lockdown. Thirteen swimmers (aged 15 ± 1 years) from a high-performance swimming club submitted satisfactory food diaries at all time points. During lockdown, lower amounts of energy (45.3 ± 9.8 vs. 31.1 ± 7.7 kcal∙kg BM∙day-1, p0.05), despite fewer training hours being completed (15.0 ± 1.4 vs. 19.1 ± 2.2 h∙week-1, p<0.001). These findings highlight the ability of adolescent swimmers to alter their nutrition based on their changing training circumstances when receiving sport nutrition support. However, some individuals displayed signs of suboptimal nutrition during lockdown that were not corrected once training resumed. This warrants future research to develop interactive education workshops that maintain focus and motivation towards optimal nutrition practices in isolated periods away from training

High-precision optical-frequency dissemination on branching optical-fiber networks

We present a technique for the simultaneous dissemination of high-precision optical-frequency signals to multiple independent remote sites on a branching optical-fiber network. The technique corrects optical-fiber length fluctuations at the output of the link, rather than at the input as is conventional. As the transmitted optical signal remains unaltered until it reaches the remote site, it can be transmitted simultaneously to multiple remote sites on an arbitrarily complex branching network. This technique maintains the same servo-loop bandwidth limit as in conventional techniques and is compatible with active telecommunication links.Sascha W. Schediwy, David Gozzard, Kenneth G. H. Baldwin, Brian J. Orr, R. Bruce Warrington, Guido Aben and Andre N. Luite

Spin-axis relaxation in spin-exchange collisions of alkali atoms

We present calculations of spin-relaxation rates of alkali-metal atoms due to the spin-axis interaction acting in binary collisions between the atoms. We show that for the high-temperature conditions of interest here, the spin relaxation rates calculated with classical-path trajectories are nearly the same as those calculated with the distorted-wave Born approximation. We compare these calculations to recent experiments that used magnetic decoupling to isolate spin relaxation due to binary collisions from that due to the formation of triplet van-der-Waals molecules. The values of the spin-axis coupling coefficients deduced from measurements of binary collision rates are consistent with those deduced from molecular decoupling experiments. All the experimental data is consistent with a simple and physically plausible scaling law for the spin-axis coupling coefficients.Comment: text+1 figur