Body Components Differences and Their Impact of Phase Angle Values in Athletes and Non-athletes

Introduction: The aim of this paper was to determine PhA values in athletes and sedentary population. The specific aim was to determine differences between subjects of the same sex and with a different level of physical activity, as well as the factors affecting PhA values. Materials and Methods: Sixty-six athletes and sedentary students participated in the research. They were divided into four groups according to sex and level of physical activity. Routine BIA at 50 kHz was performed and BMI, PBF, FFM, PMM, TBW, ECW, ICV, ECW/ICE ratio, BMR, BM, PhA and impedance were measured. Results: Male athletes had higher PhA values (6.85±0.5°) compared to male non-athletes (6.29±0.67°), female athletes (5.61±0.44) and female non-athletes (5.47±0.58°). Statistically significant differences were found in men (PhA p=0.004; ECW/ICE ratio p=0.002), but not in women. The highest positive correlation was found in ICW (ρ+0.71 p≤0.01), while the highest negative correlation was found in impedance (ρ-0.79 p≤0.01). PhA variance was mostly due to PMM (B=+0.44, p=0.002). Conclusion: Differences found in male athletes and non-athletes may suggest the influence of physical activity, since the variance in PhA values was mostly due to PMM and a positive correlation with ICW

The impact of strength training on the changes in one’s physique and resting energy expenditure

Background and Purpose: The aim of this research is to determine the way in which the strength training affects the changes in one’s physique and resting energy expenditure. Materials and Methods: 16 sedentary subjects completed strength training for seven weeks, 3 training/week. The examinee’s physique has been analyzed through bioelectrical impedance method (BIA) before and after the seven-week cycle. The variables compared are BW (body weight), WHR (waist-hip ratio), PBF (percent of body fat) and BMR (basal metabolic rate). The differences between the initial and final values have been tested by paired t-test. The correlations between those differences have been expressed by the Pearson correlation coefficient. The level of statistical significance is p=0, 05. Results: The results indicate that the strength training, even in relatively restricted time period, influences the changes in person’s physique, as well as the changes in resting energy expenditure. The mean difference for BMR (p=0.0036), WHR (p=0,022), PBF(p=0,0184) and BW (p=0.0275) have been established for the entire sample. For the males differences were found for BMR (p=0,002), PBF (p=0,0417) and BW (p=0.0280), but no significant change in WHR. No statistically significant changes were found in female group. Correlation was found for differences in results for BMR vs BW r=0.698 (p=0.003), BMR vs WHR r=-0.578 (p=0.019), and PBF vs WHR r=0,671 (p=0,004). Conclusions: The overall changes in one’s physique and energy expenditure indicate that the strength training needs to be one of the crucial factors in physical activity, aimed at the improvement of person’s health

CHRONIC TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY: DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA AND THERAPEUTIC MODELS

Kronička traumatska encefalopatija je neurodegenerativna bolest koja se ubraja u skupinu tauopatija. Povezuje se s opetovanim udarcima u glavu i potresom mozga u sportaša, najčešće u kontaktnim sportovima, hokeju na ledu, nogometu i košarci. Pogađa pojedince u srednjim godinama i nekoliko godina nakon prestanka trauma mozga. Za sada ne postoji jedinstveni dijagnostički kriterij za potvrdu bolesti, ali se provode neuropsihološki i neurološki pregled, analizira krv i cerbrospinalni likvor, te rade snimanja mozga magnetnom rezonancijom i pozitronskom emisijskom tomografi jom. Terapijski modeli uključuju inhibitore stvaranja ROS vrsta, koji se još uvijek intenzivno istražuju, te dodatne metode kao što su prehrambene intervencije, kognitivno bihevioralna terapija, imunoterapija, hiperbarična terapija i druge terapije.The aim of the study was to perform systematic review of the existing literature in order to determine new trends regarding diagnostic criteria and therapeutic models of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Review of the literature was done during June 2018. PubMed, ScienceDirect and BioMed Central were included in the search. To identify research and review papers dealing with diagnostic criteria and therapy of CTE, the following key words in English were used: chronic traumatic encephalopathy, diagnosis, therapy. The set criteria was met by 23 papers. CTE is a neurodegenerative disease from the group of tauopathies. There is a connection between repeated head trauma and concussion in athletes, most in contact sports, ice hockey, football and basketball. The condition affects middle-aged individuals, as well as athletes several years after repeated trauma to the head and brain. There are no unique diagnostic criteria confi rming CTE, but neuropsychological and neurological exam, blood and cerebrospinal fl uid analysis need to be performed. Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography scanning is also useful. Therapeutic models include reactive oxygen species inhibitors (ROS; still under investigation), and some additional models such as nutritional interventions, cognitive-behavioral therapy, immunotherapy, hyperbaric therapy, etc

Nutrition Patterns in Prevention and Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Alzheimer’s Disease

Background: The population of the elderly is increasing, as is the number of people suffering from neurodegenerative diseases. Since the cause of those diseases is unknown, there is no appropriate medical treatment. The purpose of this systematic review is to present papers on consumption of certain foods, supplements or introduction of dietary restrictions that promote healthy brain aging or possibly delay the onset of disease. Methods: The PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink databases were used for the research. 24 studies with a total number of 10 445 participants were selected as satisfying the final criteria. Results: Mediterranean diet, dietary supplements and natural nutrients with recently discovered pharmacological properties are of interest to numerous scientists. Conclusion: Since the results of the studies are inconsistent, we concluded that a large, carefully controlled long-term interventional study would be required in order to investigate the effect of nutrition on prevention of disease and cognitive decline

CHRONIC TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY: DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA AND THERAPEUTIC MODELS

Kronička traumatska encefalopatija je neurodegenerativna bolest koja se ubraja u skupinu tauopatija. Povezuje se s opetovanim udarcima u glavu i potresom mozga u sportaša, najčešće u kontaktnim sportovima, hokeju na ledu, nogometu i košarci. Pogađa pojedince u srednjim godinama i nekoliko godina nakon prestanka trauma mozga. Za sada ne postoji jedinstveni dijagnostički kriterij za potvrdu bolesti, ali se provode neuropsihološki i neurološki pregled, analizira krv i cerbrospinalni likvor, te rade snimanja mozga magnetnom rezonancijom i pozitronskom emisijskom tomografi jom. Terapijski modeli uključuju inhibitore stvaranja ROS vrsta, koji se još uvijek intenzivno istražuju, te dodatne metode kao što su prehrambene intervencije, kognitivno bihevioralna terapija, imunoterapija, hiperbarična terapija i druge terapije.The aim of the study was to perform systematic review of the existing literature in order to determine new trends regarding diagnostic criteria and therapeutic models of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Review of the literature was done during June 2018. PubMed, ScienceDirect and BioMed Central were included in the search. To identify research and review papers dealing with diagnostic criteria and therapy of CTE, the following key words in English were used: chronic traumatic encephalopathy, diagnosis, therapy. The set criteria was met by 23 papers. CTE is a neurodegenerative disease from the group of tauopathies. There is a connection between repeated head trauma and concussion in athletes, most in contact sports, ice hockey, football and basketball. The condition affects middle-aged individuals, as well as athletes several years after repeated trauma to the head and brain. There are no unique diagnostic criteria confi rming CTE, but neuropsychological and neurological exam, blood and cerebrospinal fl uid analysis need to be performed. Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography scanning is also useful. Therapeutic models include reactive oxygen species inhibitors (ROS; still under investigation), and some additional models such as nutritional interventions, cognitive-behavioral therapy, immunotherapy, hyperbaric therapy, etc

Risk management in information system projects

Ovaj članak predstavlja studiozan pregled ključnih čimbenika uspjeha projekta u provedbi informacijskog sustava u poslovnim sustavima. Članak prikazuje rezultate teorijskih i praktičnih istraživanja, koja pokazuju da proces upravljanja razvojnim projektima informacijskih sustava ima mnogo problema i neizvjesnosti u praksi, koji se unatoč brojnim poboljšanjima u području razvoja metoda, tehnika i alata još uvijek suočavaju s nekim problemima i teškoćama u procesu implementacije integriranih informacijskih sustava. Upravljanje projektima implementacije ERP (planiranja resursa poduzeća) je povezano s različitim specifičnim problemima, koji su bitno različiti od onih tradicionalnih informacijskog sustava razvoja, jer sadrže strateške, taktičke, organizacijske čimbenike te čimbenike poslovnog okruženja.This paper presents a studious overview of key project success factors in the implementation of information system to business systems. The paper presents the results of theoretical and practical studies, which have shown that the process of managing development of information system projects holds many problems and uncertainties in practice, which despite many improvements in the area of development methods, techniques and tools are still facing some problems and difficulties in the process of implementation of integrated information systems. Managing ERP implementation projects is associated with different specific problems, which are essentially different from the traditional information system developments, because they contain the strategic, tactical, organizational and business environment factors

Possibilities of use bioelectrical impedance analysis as measuring technique in prevention of osteoporosis

Background and Purpose: Bioelectrical impendance analysis (BIA) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) are the two most common methods used for body composition analysis. The aim of this study was to investigate if there is a correlation between results of body analysis by BIA and results of DXA measurements at usual sites for diagnosis of osteoporosis. If the correlation is found than it could mean that BIA might be used to point the need for extra DXA measurements, and earlier diagnosis of osteoporosis. Material and Methods: 27 young adults (11 males and 16 females) aged 19-23 years were measured by BIA instrument for body composition analysis, and by DXA instrument for BMD and BMC at the L1-L4 vertebrae of the lumbar spine postanteriorly and the proximal femur („hip”). Correlation coefficients were calculated to examine linear relationship of results of two methods. Results: Mineral content obtained by BIA correlates with BMC (result of DXA) at all three measured sites. When analyzed by sex, correlation was found only among female subjects, while in males there was no correlation. Correlation of other results of BIA and BMD or BMC (DXA) showed similar situation. T-scores correlated positively with results of BIA within the female subgroup of the sample. Conclusions: According to obtained results we cannot conclude that results of BIA body composition analysis could be indicative for problems in bone metabolism, or state of bone density and bone mineral content, although some correlations are present

EXPERIMENTAL SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS STUDY OF METAL ENCLOSURE WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC ABSORBER INSIDE

In this paper, the impact of an electromagnetic absorber inside a protective metal enclosure is analyzed. The absorber is put inside the enclosure in order to improve its shielding effectiveness, especially at the first resonant frequency. Different absorber's sheet positions inside the enclosure are analyzed. The absorber sheet dimensions are fitted to correspond the enclosure's walls. The experimental procedure is conducted in a semi-anechoic room. The numerical TLM simulations of the EM filed distribution inside enclosure are conducted in order to consider position of the absorber sheet on different walls

Weight Status and Body Composition in Freshman Students at the College of Applied Sciences “Lavoslav Ruzicka” in Vukovar, from 2008 to 2016

Aim: The aim of the study is to analyze the common occurrence of different weight categories among first-year students at Lavoslav Ruzicka College for Applied Sciences in the city of Vukovar, as well as to make an assessment of their body composition. Methods: During the period from 2008 to 2016 there were 710 first-year students (461 women and 249 men) whose height and weight were measured, and body composition assessed, by bio-electric impedance analysis. Results: Most of the subjects were of normal weight (74.5%), while the ratio between the weight status categories of men has proven to be significantly different from that of women. It was established that 8.9% of women as opposed to 2% of men were below normal weight, while there were more obese individuals among men (25.7%) than there were among women (15.4%). However, the percentage of obesity was similar in both sexes, being 5.4% in women and 5.2% in men. There was no significant difference in the ratio between the weight categories during the measurement period. Conclusion: Most of the students at the College for Applied Sciences fall in the normal weight category. There are more obese individuals among men, while among women there are more of those with lower average body weight. The dominance of obesity and the overall ratio between the weight categories and the body composition in the category of first-year students have not changed significantly during the period between 2008 and 2016

Changes in Blood Pressure After Single Bout of Aerobic Exercise in Young Healthy People- Influence of Body Composition

Amount of change in blood pressure after exercise is related to risk of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in the amount of change of blood pressure after exercise among people with different morphological characteristics, especially with differences in percent of body fat. 30 healthy subjects (15 males and 15 females) aged 25-30 years were included in the study. They were measured for weight and height, and their body composition was assesed by bioelectrical impendance device GAYA 357. Blood pressure was measured at rest and immediately after performing Cooper´s test. After classification of subjects according to BMI (body mass index) and according to percent of body fat (PBF) differences in the size of change in blood pressure among categories were compared. Results indicate that there is no difference between sexes in amount of change for DBP, but there is difference in change of SBP; in males this change was significantly higher than in females. We also found difference in SBP results at rest between different categories of BMI (p=0,023), that was not influenced by gender, while the difference between categories based on different PBF were under the influence of gender. Based on results conclusion can be made that percent of body fat is a factor that influence amount of change in blood pressure with exercise, and is potentially important, and could be predictive factor, like BMI or together with it, in determining the risk of hypertension in young healthy people