Uticaj aeromonas salmonicida na obrastanje i mikrobijalnu koroziju prevlake od legure nikla i bakra na kavezne sisteme u moru

Biofouling acts one of the most serious problems to marine industry and aquaculture development. In the marine environment, surfaces immersed in seawater are colonized by micro-biofoulers such as marine bacteria, algae, and protozoa (Callow and Callow, 2002; Dobretsov et al., 2006). Biofouling of sea cages is a great concern for the salmon growers. When a sea cage is first immersed, there will be a succession of organisms that colonize the cage (Hodson et al., 1997). Bacteria produce an exo-polysaccharide layer (EPS), which act as a protective barrier from the treated surface but also harmful to the lower substratum, in case of the physical degradation or bio-deterioration of the metal surface. This situation is called Microbial corrosion (Yuan and Pehkonen, 2009). In addition, there is a possibility that cage can act as a reservoirs for some disease-causing organisms so one of these bacteria is Aeromonas salmonicida. This bacterium is an aquatic Gram-negative bacterium causing lethal disease furunculosis in salmonid fish. Along with other members of the family Vibrionaceae (V. anguillarum, V. ordalii, A. hydrophila), diseases caused by these organisms can rapidly decimate populations of farmed marine or freshwater fish (Garduna et al., 1994). To reduce the amount of fouling, increase the water quality and decrease the chance of disease occurrence, cage can be coated with antifouling copper alloys and paints (Hodson and Burke, 1994). On the other hand, the tremendous applications of Ni-Cu alloys in different industries, especially in ships where chloride containing waters are always used, making the corrosion processes under the influence of chloride ions understandable and the control of these processes important subject of intensive investigations (Badawy et al., 2005). Therefore this study examines the effects of A. salmonicida in biofouling on Ni-Cu cage coating and its microbial corrosion influence. This study was performed using pure cultures of the A. salmonicida, isolated from water samples. The isolated bacterium was characterized on the basis of 16S rRNA sequences and submitted to NCBI under Accession No. GU907676 (San et al., 2010). The bacterium was cultured then centrifuged and used for bio-corrosion experiments. Electrochemical measurements were carried out in a conventional three-electrode cell. The polarization curves were measured using CompactStat Potentiostat (IviumStat, The Netherlands). Mild steel was used as a working electrode in electrochemical studies. The Ag/AgCl (sat. KCl) electrode (CHI111, CH Instrument, USA) was used as the reference electrode and a platinum wire (CHI115, CH Instrument, USA) was used as counter electrode for all experiments. Ni-Cu alloy was electrodeposited from a nickel-copper bath. The corrosion potential of Ni-Cu electrodes was -0.08 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) but, the corrosion potential of Ni-Cu electrodes in the medium inoculated with the bacterium shifted to cathodic site, -0.63 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) means the increased rate of corrosion. In addition, increase of corrosion current and corrosion current densities with an increase in presence of bacterium means the increased rate of corrosion. Besides, pH values of the medium did not change throughout the experiment (6.8) but after immersion, the pH value decreased to acidic value, 5.5 Furthermore, SEM micrographs show influence of biofouling by bacterium to Ni-Cu alloy. As a consequence, A. salmonicida colonize, strongly adhere and biofouling on alloy surfaces. This situation results in causing the lethal disease in salmon fish and microbial corrosion of cage material

Seeking the best practices of assessment in maritime simulator training

publishedVersio

Invasive retroperitoneal infection due to basidiobolus ranarum with response to potassium lodide: Case report and review of the literature

We report a case of invasive retroperitoneal zygomycotic infection caused by Basidiobolus ranarum in a healthy 8-year-old boy. The youngster responded dramatically to potassium iodide. The clinical and pathological features are reviewed to highlight the problems encountered in the management of this rare infection

Endocrine cell dysplasia (nesidioblastosis): A relatively unrecognized entity in Pakistan?

Nesidioblastosis is quantitative as well as qualitative abnormality of pancreatic endocrine cells. There is scattering of small endocrine cell clusters arranged haphazardly rather than the peripheral location within the lobule1,2. Islet contours are irregular, tailing off into parenchyma3. These islets are present in intimate association with ducts forming ductuloinsular complexes1 We recently encountered a new born baby with signs and symptoms of endocrine cell dysplasia

Thermal kinetic analysis, theoretical thermodynamic calculations and antimicrobial activity of three new energetic materials

WOS: 000425965400096Three new energetic agents were synthesized using 3,5-dinitro-4-chlorobenzonitrile, sodium azide and hydrazine, which were 2,6-dinitro-4-cyano-azidobenzene (I), N-2,6-dinitro-cyanophenyl-hydrazine (II) and bis-N,N'(2,6-dinitro-4-cyanophenyl)hydrazine (III). These energetic substances were first characterized by elemental analysis, IR, mass, H-1 NMR and C-13 NMR spectroscopic methods. The energetic substances were studied by thermogravimetry, and it was understood that the mechanism of the thermal decomposition reactions consists of two successive exothermic thermal reactions. In the first thermal reaction, the energetic material was converted to furoxane compounds, and then, these furoxane compounds were decomposed by the second thermal reaction. Activation energies and Arrhenius pre-exponential factors of thermal responses were determined by using isothermal (Coats-Redfern) and nonisothermal/isoconvertional (Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, Ozawa-Flynn-Wall) methods with thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data. With these calculated values, other thermodynamic parameters reaction enthalpy, entropy changes and free energy were calculated. Formation enthalpies of the elements of the energetic substances were theoretically calculated using the CBS-4M algorithm in the Gaussian 09 program for the synthesized energetic substances. In the thermal decomposition reactions, the products were estimated with the aid of literature data and the enthalpies of explosion reactions were theoretically calculated according to the Hess Law. Besides, the exothermic energies in the first and second thermal reactions of the energetic substances were measured by DSC. The results measured by DSC were compared with the calculated theoretical results and were found to be very close to each other. In the study, antimicrobial activity was estimated to be high because energetic molecules are strained molecules, and it is possible this tension can affect the medium. According to this thought, antimicrobial activity was determined by using five different bacteria and a fungus. Antimicrobial activity values were determined by "agar dilution" method, and results were found as minimum inhibition concentration. Among the three energetic substances, 2,6-dinitro-4-cyano-azidobenzene was found to have the most active compound.Scientific Research Fund of the University of Ankara [16H0430004]; Scientific Research Fund of the Ahi Evran University [FEF.A4.17.001]This work was supported by the Scientific Research Fund of the University of Ankara (project no. 16H0430004) and Scientific Research Fund of the Ahi Evran University (grant no: FEF.A4.17.001)

Sindroma Lesch Nyhan

Pendahuluan:Sindroma Lesch-Nyhan ( LSN) adalah  kumpulan  gangguan metabolisme disebabkan oleh kekurangan enzim HPRT (hypoxanthineguaninephosphoribosyltransferase) yang menyebabkan  produksi asam urat berlebihan. Penyakit ini diturunkan secara genetik yang mewarisi x-linked resesive .Dalam keadaan normal enzim hprt ditemukan dalam tiap sel di tubuh di mana persentase tertinggi ditemukan dalam otak terutama di ganglia basalis. Prognosis LSN  buruk , kematian terjadi biasanya disebabkan oleh kegagalan ginjal atau pneumonia aspirasi . kematian terjadi  pada tahun pertama atau kedua kehidupan bila tidak diterapi. Pengobatan dengan  alopurinol dapat membantu menjaga fungsi ginjal dan memberikan harapan hidup lebih lama. Tujuan ini dari literatur ini adalah memberi informasi mengenai LSN sebagai sebuah kelainan genetik yang jarang ditemui namun mudah untuk dicurigai karena gambaran klinisnya yang khas. Literatur ini menjelaskan Informasi tentang sejarah, definisi, pathogenesis, diagnosis, dan upaya pencegahan maupun penatalaksanaannya. Diskusi:Purin merupakan salah satu senyawa organik heterosiklik yang terdiri dari sebuah cincin imidazol dan pirimidina . Mutasi gen HPRT  terjadi dalam bentuk spanning  atau twisting, delesi, duplikasi dan mutasi ganda. Ada tiga mekanisme dasar dari patogenesis LSN, yaitu: genetika molekuler, biokimia, neuropatogenesis. Simpulan: Kekurangan enzim HPRTmenyebabkan hipoxantin dan guanina tidak didaur ulang menjadi asam urat.Kekurangan enzim HPRT disebabkan mutasi gen. Upaya terkini dan  lebih lanjut harus ditekankan dalam pencegahan dan pengobatan dari gangguan perilaku yang disebabkan oleh kelainan neurologi pada LSN. Farmakologi genetik dan terapi pembedahan dapat menjadi pilihan utama

Clinicopathological profile of Wilms tumor

The profile of renal tumors in children less than 15 years of age during the period 1991-1997 is presented. Among the 37 children with kidney tumors, 29 (78.4%) had Wilms\u27 tumor. There was also a 20-year-old female with Wilms\u27 tumor. The median age at presentation was 2.6 years (range 2.5 months to 20 years). 66.7% of the cases diagnosed were \u3c or = 3 years and 90% were \u3c or = 6 years. Five cases were under one year of age. The male to female ratio was 2:1. Twenty-two cases (73.3%) were triphasic and 7 (23.3%) were biphasic. Only one case was monophasic with blastemal component. Five cases (16.7%) showed nephrogenic rests in the uninvolved renal parenchyma and one case had nephroblastomatosis. The tumor was favorable in 26 cases (86.7%) and unfavorable in 4. Fourteen cases were in-patients while 16 were outside referrals. The pathological (10 cases whose specimens were sent from other centers) and clinicopathological (13 hospitalized patients) staging showed 10 cases (43.5%) with stage 1, 4 cases (17.4%) with stage 2, and 7 cases (30.4%) with stage 3. In two cases (8.7%), there was stage 4 disease. The length of the follow-up period in the 13 hospitalized patients ranged from 7 days to 5 years 5 months (median 14 months). There was one recurrence and one death after 2 years of diagnosis

Improved flood mapping for efficient policy design by fusion of Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and Landsat-9 imagery to identify population and infrastructure exposed to floods

A reliable yet inexpensive tool for the estimation of flood water spread is conducive for efficient disaster management. The application of optical and SAR imagery in tandem provides a means of extended availability and enhanced reliability of flood mapping. We propose a methodology to merge these two types of imagery into a common data space and demonstrate its use in the identification of affected populations and infrastructure for the 2022 floods in Pakistan. The merging of optical and SAR data provides us with improved observations in cloud-prone regions; that is then used to gain additional insights into flood mapping applications. The use of open source datasets from WorldPop and OSM for population and roads respectively makes the exercise globally replicable. The integration of flood maps with spatial data on population and infrastructure facilitates informed policy design. We have shown that within the top five flood-affected districts in Sindh province, Pakistan, the affected population accounts for 31 %, while the length of affected roads measures 1410.25 km out of a total of 7537.96 km.Comment: IEEE IGARSS 202

Clinical and Functional Outcomes of COVID-19 Survivors After Hospitalization

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes various clinical manifestations during acute infection and at the post-acute phase with persistent symptoms called long COVID. It occurs in mild and moderate to severe cases which require hospitalization. In patients needing hospitalization, especially intensive care unit admission, the risk of long COVID increases. Many hospitalized patients exhibited more symptoms in 60 days after the illness than non-hospitalized patients. This review aimed to identify the clinical and functional outcomes in COVID-19 survivors after hospitalization. The articles in the PubMed database published in 2019-2021 were reviewed and found 20 be eligible. The clinical outcomes were the appearance or persistence of general and multi-organ symptoms, nutritional disorders, and decreased lung function. The functional outcomes found were decreased muscle strength, physical, psychological, and cognitive functions, increased disability and dependencies, as well as decreased vocational status and quality of life. The incidence of each outcome could not be determined due to the variety of methods used to examine and present outcomes. To conclude, COVID-19 causes long-term clinical and functional outcomes that need to be identified to prevent and manage long-term physical and functional disorders

Outcome of perforator propeller flap for the coverage of soft tissue defects over middle and distal part of leg

Background: Plastic surgery is a constant battle between blood supply and beauty. The end result of a reconstructive procedure is primarily attributable to the stability of the vascular component, which is fundamental in that it ensures survival and proper functioning of tissues that have been transferred to the recipient site. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of perforator propeller flap for coverage of soft tissue defects in middle and distal legs. Methods: This was a prospective observational study and was conducted in the Department of Plastic Surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from September 2018 to February 2020. The study population includes the total of 30 patients having soft tissue defects of the middle and distal thirds of leg necessary for flap coverage in the Department of Plastic Surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results: In total 30 patients maximum 11 (36.7%) were in 31-40 years age group. Majority 27 (90%) were male and 3 (10%) were female in our study. Out of 22 flaps in distal leg necrosis occurred in 4 (18.19%) and among 8 flaps in middle leg necrosis occurred in 1 (12.5%). Conclusions: This study observed that that perforator propeller flaps are ideal in reconstructing soft tissue defects of the middle and distal third of the leg, being safe, easy to perform, providing similar tissue in texture and thickness of damaged tissues, with low donor site morbidity