Homeopatia na Graduação Médica: Trajetória da Universidade Federal Fluminense

RESUMO A medicina homeopática foi reconhecida pelo Conselho Federal de Medicina como especialidade médica em 1980 e desde então a presença de seu ensino na formação médica tem se ampliado no Brasil. Na graduação médica da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), iniciou-se em 1994. Em estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa, analisou-se a trajetória do ensino da Homeopatia no curso de Medicina da UFF utilizando-se análise documental, observação direta, entrevistas individuais de coordenadores e alunos, e grupo focal com ex-alunos das cinco disciplinas que abordam a medicina homeopática. Identificou-se uma trajetória de resistência e avanços, desencadeada no processo de reforma curricular em contexto de implantação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e ampliação da atenção primária. Apoiado na colaboração de profissionais externos à instituição, o ensino da Homeopatia na Medicina da UFF apresenta como principais desafios sua consolidação no currículo obrigatório, integração às demais clínicas, contratação de professores especialistas e recriação do ambulatório-escola em Homeopatia para prática supervisionada. A humanização da prática médica e a integralidade do cuidado foram suas contribuições mais mencionadas, numa perspectiva de integração e complementaridade da abordagem biomédica. Nas disciplinas obrigatórias, defende-se que os alunos possam desenvolver competências e habilidades para: (a) orientar e encaminhar pacientes à Homeopatia quando puderem ser beneficiados por esta medicina; (b) dialogar com colegas homeopatas no acompanhamento de pacientes comuns. As disciplinas optativas são importantes para alunos que queiram ampliar sua formação teórico-prática em Homeopatia, tendo em vista uma atuação profissional que inclua esta especialidade e lhes permita integrar os paradigmas vitalista e biomédico no cuidado em saúde. O ensino da Homeopatia na graduação médica da UFF é sustentado no compromisso de sua comunidade acadêmica com uma formação plural em saúde, capaz de propiciar aos futuros profissionais o uso de diferentes paradigmas para lidar com o processo de adoecimento, o corpo e as pessoas na sociedade contemporânea e, desta forma, contribuir para melhorar o relacionamento com pacientes, promover autonomia, diminuir abordagens invasivas e insensíveis, ampliar a integralidade do cuidado e a resolutividade do trabalho em saúde. O estudo crítico de sua trajetória oferece contribuições para uma reflexão sobre o ensino da Homeopatia também em outras escolas médicas, sejam as que já contemplem a Homeopatia em sua grade de disciplinas, sejam aquelas que estejam planejando inseri-la no currículo em resposta à demanda de alunos e professores

Homeopathy in Medical Schools: Trajectory of the Universidade Federal Fluminense

<p></p><p>ABSTRACT Homeopathic medicine was recognized by the Federal Council of Medicine as a medical specialty in 1980, and since then its teaching as part of medical training has grown in Brazil. Homeopathic medicine was first taight in Brazil in 1994 in the undergraduate medicine program of the Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). The history of teaching Homeopathy in the UFF medical course was analyzed in a qualitative-approach case study using documental analysis, direct observation, individual interviews with coordinators and students, and focus groups with alumni from five disciplines that address Homeopathy. The path identified involved resistance and progress, triggered by the curricular reform process in context of the implementation of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) and the expansion of primary care. The teaching of Homeopathy in the UFF medical course was supported by the collaboration of external professionals. The major challenges included consolidating the discipline on the compulsory curriculum, acheiving integration with other clinics, hiring qualified teachers and recreating an outpatient Homeopathy school environment for supervised practice. From the perspective of integration and complementarity of the biomedical approach, humanized medical practice and comprehensive care were the most mentioned contributions. In the compulsory subjects it is argued that students can develop skills and abilities to: (a) guide and refer patients to Homeopathy whenever they might benefit from this medical practice; and (b) hold dialogues with homeopathy colleagues concerning the monitoring of common patients. The optional subjects are important for students who want to broaden their theoretical and practical training in Homeopathy, aimed at offering a professional practice that includes this specialty and permits the integration of the vitalist and biomedical paradigms in health care. The teaching of Homeopathy in the UFF undergraduate medical program is supported by its academic community’s commitment to a plural health education that enables future professionals to use different paradigms for dealing with the disease process, the body and people in a contemporary society. This, in turn, contributes to improving relationships with patients, promotes autonomy, reduces invasive and insensitive approaches and expands comprehensive health care and resolute health work. This critical study of the trajectory of Homeopathy education in the UFF undergraduate medical course adds support to reflections on its teaching in other medical schools, including schools that already contemplate Homeopathy in their schedule or schools that are planning to include it in their curriculum in response to student and teacher demand.</p><p></p

Chemical Characterization and Wound Healing Property of Jacaranda decurrens Cham. (Bignoniaceae): An Experimental Study Based on Molecular Mechanisms

Background. Jacaranda decurrens Cham., known as carobinha, is prevalent in the Cerrado biome and presents popular use in treatment of dermatological diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the healing action of topical formulation of Jacaranda decurrens Cham. (FtEHJ) in mice cutaneous lesions. Methods. Phytochemical analysis of J. decurrens hydroalcoholic extract was carried out by using HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS and FIA-ESI-IT-MSn. Swiss mice were treated topically with formulation base (FtB) or Fibrinase® or ointment FtEHJ (15 mg/g; 50 mg/Kg). At the end of treatment periods, the inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the lesions were measured by using ELISA and gene expression of TGF-β, Collagen I, and Collagen III was demonstrated by RTqPCR method and histological evaluation. Results. Ten compounds were identified in the extract, distributed among the classes of flavonoids and triterpenes. Treatment with FtEHJ increased the wound contraction in 24 hours, such as reduction of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 (pg/mL) cytokines in the lesion. The TGF-β and collagen gene expression was increased and the wound closure accelerated to nine days, with discrete inflammation, collagenization, and accented reepithelialization. Conclusions. The results obtained suggest chemical compounds present in the FtEHJ accelerates wound healing by being a gene expression modulator, and protein content of different molecules are involved in tissue repair