7 research outputs found
Scientific basis for banana cultivar proportions on-farm in East Africa
Banana (Musa spp.) production and diversity in the East African region, has been on the decline for the last 20 years due to both a biotic and biotic problems. There has been an ecological and socio-economic imbalance in the East African Highland banana (Musa AAA-EA) growing systems due to this decline. However, farmers have been growing these bananas in cultivar mixtures, a practice which ensures the continuous sustainability of the system. Cultivar mixtures, however, seem to be in specific proportions based on the strength and weakness of eachcultivar and so affecting the clone sets to which cultivars belong, as well as providing predictions on the conservation status of each clone set. The primary objective of the study was to account for the farmers’perceptions behind cultivar proportions and to understand the scientific basis of these proportions in selected sites in East Africa. The study was carried out in Karagwe, Bushenyi and Masaka districts in East Africa, a region considered to be a secondary centre of diversity for bananas. Thirty farms were sampled in one selected parish/ward in the three sites for ecological data. The quadrat method was used to record abundances of identified cultivars in order to determine the cultivar proportions. Ethno-botanical data collected on traditional knowledgewas analysed for twenty-three identified traditional cultivar-selection criteria used in the participatory rural appraisal (PRA), as well as interviews from 15 key informants of each study area. A total of 105 cultivars were identified, 76% of which were the East African Highland bananas. Although fourteen cultivars were common to the three sites, Masaka had the highest proportion with Nfuuka cultivar leading the five clone sets. Cultivar diversity indices explained the proportions in terms of richness and evenness and Nfuuka was the richest clone set. Although all clone sets were represented at each site, they were not evenly distributed; a factor which is disadvantageous in the conservation status of the crop. While results indicated that the agro-ecological and traditional utilisation criteria formed the basis for cultivar proportions on farm for both Karagwe and Masaka, farmers were found to do so because of the high traditional values attached to the crop. However, knowing cultivar proportions in terms of richness and evenness can assist in predicting the stability or change in diversityof banana growing sites
Banana cultivar distribution in Rwanda
Rwanda is part of the East African plateau where banana (Musa spp.) reach their greatest importance as a staple food crop, covering 23% of land and grown by 90% of households. The region is considered a secondary centre of diversity for banana and many cultivars do exist although limited information is available on the diversity andtheir distribution in the country. In the past, banana have been a highly sustainable crop in Rwanda, but with the introduction of various diseases and pests in the last 10 -20 years, production has fallen by over 40%. The objectives of this study were to (i) establish the current diversity and distribution of banana cultivars, (ii) understand factors that affect the distribution, and (iii) identify possible synonyms and material for expansion of the National Banana Germplasm Collection. A study was conducted in four major banana growing regions ofRwanda. Twelve sites and sixty farms were used in this study. A quadrat method was used to make observations and counts of cultivars grown per farm. Farmer interviews were carried out on each farm to make assessments on the distribution of cultivars. Cultivar identification was done by farmers and subsequently verified using the national banana germplasm collection database of the ISAR-Rubona Research Institute. Clone set identification was done using the Karamura classification system. The Kigali region had the highest diversity index, followedby Kibungo and Cyangugu; while Lake Kivu border region scored the lowest diversity index. Cultivar evenness also differed, with Cyangugu being the highest and Kivu Lake the lowest. There were two major banana subgroups determined at all sites, Lujugira-Mutika with 77.8% abundance and Pisang Awak with 11.9% abundance.A total of 104 cultivar names were recorded, with 53 synonyms identified for 51 cultivars. Forty cultivars belonged to Lujugira-Mutika subgroup, with ‘Intuntu’, ‘Intokatoke’, ‘Injagi’, ‘Mbwaziruma’ being the most abundant cultivars, while eleven cultivars were exotic. Gisubi (ABB), Gros Michel (AAA), and ‘Kamaramasenge’ (AAB) were the most abundant. Farms with a higher proportion of Gisubi contained fewer other cultivars. Also, new cultivars were identified and these should be added to the National Banana germplasm collection
Scientific Basis For Banana Cultivar Proportions On-Farm In East Africa
Banana ( Musa spp.) production and diversity in the East African
region, has been on the decline for the last 20 years due to both a
biotic and biotic problems. There has been an ecological and
socio-economic imbalance in the East African Highland banana (Musa
AAA-EA) growing systems due to this decline. However, farmers have been
growing these bananas in cultivar mixtures, a practice which ensures
the continuous sustainability of the system. Cultivar mixtures,
however, seem to be in specific proportions based on the strength and
weakness of each cultivar and so affecting the clone sets to which
cultivars belong, as well as providing predictions on the conservation
status of each clone set. The primary objective of the study was to
account for the farmers' perceptions behind cultivar proportions and to
understand the scientific basis of these proportions in selected sites
in East Africa. The study was carried out in Karagwe, Bushenyi and
Masaka districts in East Africa, a region considered to be a secondary
centre of diversity for bananas. Thirty farms were sampled in one
selected parish/ ward in the three sites for ecological data. The
quadrat method was used to record abundances of identified cultivars in
order to determine the cultivar proportions. Ethno-botanical data
collected on traditional knowledge was analysed for twenty-three
identified traditional cultivar-selection criteria used in the
participatory rural appraisal (PRA), as well as interviews from 15 key
informants of each study area. A total of 105 cultivars were
identified, 76% of which were the East African Highland bananas.
Although fourteen cultivars were common to the three sites, Masaka had
the highest proportion with Nfuuka cultivar leading the five clone
sets. Cultivar diversity indices explained the proportions in terms of
richness and evenness and Nfuuka was the richest clone set. Although
all clone sets were represented at each site, they were not evenly
distributed; a factor which is disadvantageous in the conservation
status of the crop. While results indicated that the agro-ecological
and traditional utilisation criteria formed the basis for cultivar
proportions on farm for both Karagwe and Masaka, farmers were found to
do so because of the high traditional values attached to the crop.
However, knowing cultivar proportions in terms of richness and evenness
can assist in predicting the stability or change in diversity of banana
growing sites.La production et la diversité de la banane ( Musa spp) dans
cette région, a été sur le déclin pour le dernier
20 ans en raison des problèmes biotiques. Il y a eu un
déséquilibre écologique et socio-économique dans la
région montagneuse Africaine del 'Est (banane de montagne, Musa
AAA-pièce) des systèmes de croissance en raison de ce
déclin. Cependant, les agriculteurs ont grandi ces bananes dans
les cultivars associés, une pratique qui garantit la
durabilité continue du système d'association de cultivar,
cependant, semble être dans les proportions spécifiques
fondées sur la resistance et la faiblesse de chaque cultivar et
affectant si les séries clones semblables aux lesquelles les
cultivars appartiennent, de même que fournir les prédictions
sur le statut de conservation de chaque série absolument
semblable. L'objectif primaire de l'étude était de
représenter les agriculteurs les perceptions derrière les
proportions de cultivar et comprendre la base scientifique de ces
proportions dans les sites choisis en Afrique de l'Est. L'étude a
été exécuté dans Karagwe, les quartiers de Bushenyi
et Masaka dans l'Afrique de l'est, une région considérée
être un centre secondaire de diversité pour les bananes.
Trente fermes ont été echantillonné dans une
localité/section choisie dans les trois sites pour les
données écologiques. La méthode de quadrat a
été utilisée pour enregistrer des abondances de
cultivars identifiés pour déterminer les proportions de
cultivar. Les données Ethno-botaniques recueillies sur la
connaissance traditionnelle ont été analysées pour
vingt-trois critères de sélection traditionnelle de cultivar
identifiés utilisés dans l'estimation rurale participative
(PRA), de même que les entretiens de 15 informateurs clés de
chaque secteur d'étude. Un total de 105 cultivars a été
identifié, 76% dont étaient les bananes de montagne de
l'Afrique de l'Est. Bien que quatorze cultivars étaient communs
aux trois sites, Masaka a eu la plus haute proportion de cultivar de
Nfuuka menant les cinq séries des clones. Les index de
diversité de cultivar ont expliqué les proportions sur le
plan de la richesse et de l'égalité et Nfuuka était la
série de clone la plus riche. Bien que toutes séries de
clones aient été représentées à chaque site,
ils n'ont pas été également distribués ; un facteur
qui est défavorable dans le statut de conservation de la
récolte. Pendant que les résultats ont indiqué que les
critères d'utilisation agro-écologiques et traditionnels ont
formé la base pour les proportions de cultivar sur la ferme pour
Karagwe et Masaka, les agriculteurs ont été trouvés
entrain de beaucoups travailler à cause des hautes valeurs
traditionnelles attachées à la récolte. Cependant,
sachant les proportions de cultivar sur le plan de la richesse et de
l'égalité peuvent aider à prédire la stabilité
ou le changement dans la diversité de croissance de banane dans
les sites
Banana Cultivar Distribution In Rwanda
Rwanda is part of the East African plateau where banana ( Musa spp.)
reach their greatest importance as a staple food crop, covering 23% of
land and grown by 90% of households. The region is considered a
secondary centre of diversity for banana and many cultivars do exist
although limited information is available on the diversity and their
distribution in the country. In the past, banana have been a highly
sustainable crop in Rwanda, but with the introduction of various
diseases and pests in the last 10 -20 years, production has fallen by
over 40%. The objectives of this study were to (i) establish the
current diversity and distribution of banana cultivars, (ii) understand
factors that affect the distribution, and (iii) identify possible
synonyms and material for expansion of the National Banana Germplasm
Collection. A study was conducted in four major banana growing regions
of Rwanda. Twelve sites and sixty farms were used in this study. A
quadrat method was used to make observations and counts of cultivars
grown per farm. Farmer interviews were carried out on each farm to make
assessments on the distribution of cultivars. Cultivar identification
was done by farmers and subsequently verified using the national banana
germplasm collection database of the ISAR-Rubona Research Institute.
Clone set identification was done using the Karamura classification
system. The Kigali region had the highest diversity index, followed by
Kibungo and Cyangugu; while Lake Kivu border region scored the lowest
diversity index. Cultivar evenness also differed, with Cyangugu being
the highest and Kivu Lake the lowest. There were two major banana
subgroups determined at all sites, Lujugira-Mutika with 77.8% abundance
and Pisang Awak with 11.9% abundance. A total of 104 cultivar names
were recorded, with 53 synonyms identified for 51 cultivars. Forty
cultivars belonged to Lujugira-Mutika subgroup, with 'Intuntu',
'Intokatoke', 'Injagi', 'Mbwaziruma' being the most abundant cultivars,
while eleven cultivars were exotic. Gisubi (ABB), Gros Michel (AAA),
and 'Kamaramasenge' (AAB) were the most abundant. Farms with a higher
proportion of Gisubi contained fewer other cultivars. Also, new
cultivars were identified and these should be added to the National
Banana germplasm collection.Le Rwanda fait partie du plateau d'Afrique de l'Est où la banana (
Musa spp.) atteint leur plus grande importance comme une récolte
de nourriture d'agrafe, couvrant 23% de terre et cultivé par 90%
de ménages. La région est considérée un centre
secondaire de diversité pour la banane et beaucoup de
variétés existent bien que l'information disponible est
limitée sur la diversité et leur distribution dans le pays.
Dans le passé, la banane a été une récolte
extrêmement viable au Rwanda, mais avec l'introduction de diverses
maladies et de diverses pestes dans le dernier 10 -20 ans, la
production est tombée à plus de 40%. Les objectifs de cette
étude étaient d' (i) établir la diversité et la
distribution actuelles de cultivars de banane, (ii) comprendre des
facteurs qui affectent la distribution, et (iii) identifier des
possibles synonymes et le matériel pour l'expansion de la
Collection de Germplasm de Banane Nationale. Une étude a
été dirigée dans quatre régions majeures du Rwanda
qui developpent la culture de bananes. Douze sites et soixante fermes
ont été utilisées dans cette étude. Une
méthode de quadrat a été utilisée pour faire des
observations et des comptes de cultivars grandis par ferme. Les
entretiens d'agriculteur ont été exécutés sur
chaque ferme pour faire des évaluations sur la distribution de
cultivars. L'identification de cultivar a été faite par les
agriculteurs et par la suite vérifiée utilisant la base de
données de collection de germplasm de banane nationale de
l'Institut de Recherche d' ISAR-Rubona. L'identification de série
clone a été faite en utilisant le système de
classification de Karamura. La région de Kigali a eu le plus haut
indice de diversité, suivi par Kibungo et Cyangugu ; pendant que
la région de frontière de Kivu de Lac a marqué l'indice
de diversité plus bas. La région de Kigali a eu le plus haut
indice de diversité, suivi par Kibungo et Cyangugu ; pendant que
la région frontalière du Lac Kivu a marqué l'indice de
diversité plus bas. L'égalité de cultivar a
différé aussi, avec Cyangugu est le plus haut et Lac Kivu le
plus bas. Il y avait deux sous-groupe majeur de banane résolu
à tous sites, Lujugira-Mutika avec 77,8% abondance et Pisang Awak
avec 11,9% abondance. Un total de 104 noms de cultivar a été
enregistré, avec 53 synonymes identifiés pour 51 cultivars.
Quarante cultivars ont appartenu au sous-groupe de Lujugira-Mutika,
avec « Intuntu », « Intokatoke », « Injagi
», « Mbwaziruma » est les cultivars les plus abondants,
pendant que onze cultivars étaient exotiques. Gisubi (ABB), Gros
Michel (AAA), et « Kamaramasenge » (AAB) étaient le plus
abondant. Les fermes avec une plus haute proportion de Gisubi
contenaient de moins autres cultivars. Aussi, les nouveaux cultivars
ont été identifiés et ceux-ci devraient être
ajoutés à la collection de germplasm de Banane Nationale