Prevalence, Socio-cultural Restrictions and Determinants of School Absenteeism during Menstruation among Adolescent School Girls in Bangalore

Introduction: Menstrual-related problems are one of the most common problems among adolescent girls and might adversely affect their performance in academic and other activities of daily life. Aims & Objectives: 1. To determine the prevalence of school absenteeism among adolescent school girls during menstruation. 2. To assess the restrictions which are imposed on adolescent school girls during menstruation. 3. To evaluate the various factors associated with school absenteeism during menstruation. Methods: A study was conducted by carrying out a questionnaire and focus group discussion between October 2019-January 2020 in seven schools of Bangalore city after obtaining the assent and informed consent signed by their parents. Result: The mean age of the girls was 14.45 ± 1.71. The proportion of school absenteeism during menstruation was (30.25%). The majority (89.25%) of the students among the school absentees missed one day of school during menstruation. Among the school absentees, pain/discomfort was one of the main reasons for missing school, accounting for (69.42%). (46.25%) of the students were restricted from any kind of religious activities. Pain during menstruation, shame, fear of leakage, lack of toilet or water supply, lack of a place to dispose of sanitary pads and absence of a private place to manage periods were some factors that were associated with school absenteeism during menstruation. Conclusion: Considerably high school absenteeism among adolescent girls due to menstruation was noted in this study, highlighting the need for improved interventions that reach girls at a young age

Anti-cancer activity of novel dibenzo[b,f]azepine tethered isoxazoline derivatives

10.1186/1472-6769-12-5BMC Chemical Biology12

N-(4-Methylphenylsulfonyl)-3-nitrobenzamide

In the title compound, C14H12N2O5S, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 86.29(1)° and the conformation between the C=O bond of the amide group and the meta-NO2 group is syn. The C - S - N - C torsion angle is -65.87(19)° and the molecule has an L-shaped conformation. In the crystal, the molecules are connected into inversion dimers through pairs of N - HO hydrogen bonds and C - HO interactions forming R 22(8) and R 2 2(14) loops, respectively. The dimers are connected by further C - HO interactions, thereby forming (100) sheets

Assessment of water quality of Arkavathi river polluted by silk industries effluents

The study has been made to evaluate the water quality of Arkavathi River at Ramanagar district. Water samples were collected from the non-polluted and polluted sites to analyze the physico-chemical parameters including temperature, pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, chloride, hardness, ammonia, phosphate, bicarbonate, biological oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide. The results have shown that there is a significant increase in chloride, TDS and hardness level in polluted site as compared to the non-polluted site. The investigation has revealed that, the river water is polluted due to direct mixing of industrial effluents. Therefore, it has been suggested that the river water should be treated with appropriate means before being utilized for drinking or domestic purposes

Examination of miscibility characteristics of the synthetic plastic-mimetic peptide with polyacrylamide: development of nonwoven mats by electrospinning

The polypeptide, poly(AVGVP), a prominent member of the synthetic polypeptides (PLP), exhibiting plastic properties for biomedical applications. Their miscibility characteristics with polyacrylamide (PAM) were scrutinized in different weight proportions manipulating viscometry in the aqueous phase. The interaction parameters confirmed that the two polymers are miscible up to 20/80 weight portion of PLP/PAM. Further, the outcomes were supported by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), XRD, and SEM individually. Moreover, blends resulted in nanofibers (75 +/- 25 nm) at 26 kV by the electrospinning method, and they may be the potential alternatives for prospective biomedical applications

Small nickel metal particles in Ni---Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> metal-ceramic composites

Magnetic measurements have been used in combination with transmission electron microscopy to investigate small nickel metal particles in metal-ceramic composites. Estimates of the average number of atoms in the particles are given for nonmagnetic samples with low Ni content

Formulation and Evaluation of a Novel In Situ Gum Based Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System of Linezolid

Abstract A major problem in ocular therapeutics is the attainment of optimal drug concentration at the site of action, which is compromised mainly due to precorneal loss resulting in only a small fraction of the drug being ocularly absorbed [1]. The effective dose administered may be altered by increasing the retention time of medication into the eye by using in situ gel forming systems. The aim of the present investigation is to prepare and evaluate novel in situ gum based ophthalmic drug delivery system of linezolid. Hydroxypropyl guar (HPG) and xanthum (XG) were used as gum with the combination of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), carbopol (CP), and sodium alginate as viscosity enhancing agents. Suitable concentrations of buffering agents were used to adjust the pH to 7.4. All the formulations were sterilized in an autoclave at 121°C for 15mins. The formulations were evaluated for clarity, pH measurement, gelling capacity, drug content estimation, rheological study, in vitro diffusion study, antibacterial activity, isotonicity testing, eye irritation testing. The developed formulations exhibited sustained release of drug from formulation over a period of 6hr thus increasing residence time of the drug. The optimized formulations were tested for eye irritation on albino rabbit (male) using the Draize test protocol with crossover studies. The formulations were found to be non-irritating with no ocular damage or abnormal clinical signs to the cornea, iris or conjunctiva observed. Thus these in situ gelling systems containing gums may be a valuable alternative to the conventional systems