Additional records of fungus-feeding thrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) from Kyoto in Japan

We recorded four Thysanopteran species from Kyoto Prefecture, based on individuals collected on dead branches in 2020, and added other two fungus-feeding species to a list of thrips in Kyoto, based on literature by Okajima (2006

Catalyst deactivation of a silica-supported bismuth-molybdenum complex oxide and the related complex oxides for the oxidative dehydrogenation of 1-butene to 1,3-butadiene

This study was an examination of the catalyst deactivation of a silica-supported bismuth-molybdenum complex oxide, and that of catalysts used in the absence of bismuth, for the oxidative dehydrogenation of 1-butene. Due to the detection of deactivation, the molar ratio of 1-butene against oxygen in the reactant gas was adjusted to a ratio similar to that used in industrial processes where reaction temperatures average 100 K higher. Regardless of the presence or absence of bismuth in the catalysts, the conversion of 1-butene was decreased by 6 h on-stream. Both the progress of the coking from the inlet to the outlet of the catalyst and the reduction of molybdenum in the catalysts directly contributed to the deactivation. X-ray photoelectron spectrometry revealed that a greater reduction of molybdenum in the near-surface region and a smaller partial pressure of oxygen (P(O2)) in the reactant gas, although the molybdenum on the surface was not reduced at all. This indicated that the lattice oxygen was pumped from the near-surface region to the surface during the reaction and the oxygen-poor conditions of the near-surface region both in the gas and catalyst phases were formed at a smaller P(O2), which resulted in the enhancements of both the reduction of molybdenum and that of coking. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis, the silica-supported bismuth-molybdenum complex oxide used at P(O2) = 4.1 kPa (color of the catalyst = black) was increased in weight while that used at P(O2) = 16.4 kPa (color of the catalyst = gray) showed a weight decrease, which indicated that the weight decrease caused by the reduction in molybdenum in the near-surface region used at 4.1 kPa was greater than the weight increase from the coking. It was concluded that the reduction in molybdenum followed by the coking on the catalyst surface were the main factors in the catalyst deactivation

Catalyst Deactivation of a Silica-Supported Bismuth–Molybdenum Complex Oxide and the Related Complex Oxides for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of 1-Butene to 1,3-Butadiene

This study was an examination of the catalyst deactivation of a silica-supported bismuth-molybdenum complex oxide, and that of catalysts used in the absence of bismuth, for the oxidative dehydrogenation of 1-butene. Due to the detection of deactivation, the molar ratio of 1-butene against oxygen in the reactant gas was adjusted to a ratio similar to that used in industrial processes where reaction temperatures average 100 K higher. Regardless of the presence or absence of bismuth in the catalysts, the conversion of 1-butene was decreased by 6 h on-stream. Both the progress of the coking from the inlet to the outlet of the catalyst and the reduction of molybdenum in the catalysts directly contributed to the deactivation. X-ray photoelectron spectrometry revealed that a greater reduction of molybdenum in the near-surface region and a smaller partial pressure of oxygen (P(O2)) in the reactant gas, although the molybdenum on the surface was not reduced at all. This indicated that the lattice oxygen was pumped from the near-surface region to the surface during the reaction and the oxygen-poor conditions of the near-surface region both in the gas and catalyst phases were formed at a smaller P(O2), which resulted in the enhancements of both the reduction of molybdenum and that of coking. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis, the silica-supported bismuth-molybdenum complex oxide used at P(O2) = 4.1 kPa (color of the catalyst = black) was increased in weight while that used at P(O2) = 16.4 kPa (color of the catalyst = gray) showed a weight decrease, which indicated that the weight decrease caused by the reduction in molybdenum in the near-surface region used at 4.1 kPa was greater than the weight increase from the coking. It was concluded that the reduction in molybdenum followed by the coking on the catalyst surface were the main factors in the catalyst deactivation

Establishment of an Animal Model Using Recombinant NOD.B10.D2 Mice To Study Initial Adhesion of Oral Streptococci

An oral biofilm is a community of surface-attached microorganisms that coats the oral cavity, including the teeth, and provides a protective reservoir for oral microbial pathogens, which are the primary cause of persistent and chronic infectious diseases in patients with dry mouth or Sjögren's syndrome (SS). The purpose of this study was to establish an animal model for studying the initial adhesion of oral streptococci that cause biofilm formation in patients with dry mouth and SS in an attempt to decrease the influence of cariogenic organisms and their substrates. In nonobese diabetogenic (NOD) mice that spontaneously develop insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and SS, we replaced major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (A(g7) E(g7)) and class I D(b) with MHC class II (A(d) E(d)) and class I D(d) from nondiabetic B10.D2 mice to produce an animal model that inhibited IDDM without affecting SS. The adhesion of oral streptococci, including Streptococcus mutans, onto tooth surfaces was then investigated and quantified in homologous recombinant N5 (NOD.B10.D2) and N9 (NOD.B10.D2) mice. We found that a higher number of oral streptococci adhered to the tooth surfaces of N5 (NOD.B10.D2) and N9 (NOD.B10.D2) mice than to those of the control C57BL/6 and B10.D2 mice. On the basis of our observation, we concluded that these mouse models might be useful as animal models of dry mouth and SS for in vivo biological studies of oral biofilm formation on the tooth surfaces