Upgrading or Downgrading? \ Framing Effects in Online Shopping Environments \

Recent development in behavioral decision theory reveals the important role of decision environment in the consumer's evaluation and choice processes. Often it is referred as "decision framing." Of particular interest is the online shopping environment, where buyers are usually forced to make their decisions under the sellers' (programmed) guidance on their web sites. How can the decision frames constructed in online shopping environment influence consumers' decision making? What should be done to exploit the characteristics of their framed decisions in the design of online shopping environments? In the present study, we considered an online PC shop as an example because it is one of the most popular and typical online shops and it will help us get insights into the consumers' online-framed decision characteristics. Buyers are usually led to specify the configurations of personal computers, i.e., CPU, memory and hard drive size, type of optical drives, etc., taking their preferences and budgets into account. In the course of specification processes, their decisions are framed in some ways and influenced by them. Among other things, the way the choice alternatives are presented (upgrading/ downgrading, etc.), from which buyers are expected to choose, is of special interest because it can be easily controlled by the sellers. Experimental studies were conducted to investigate the influence of some decision frames including the flow of selection process, the number of alternatives, the price intervals of the alternatives, and the default choice settings. The extremeness aversion, the shifts of the reference points, and the tradeoff between utility and economic loss aversion, are the examples of the involved effects. Above all, particular attention was paid to the default choice settings that provide the total prices as well as the reference points. Based on the results of the experiments, a set of theoretical conclusions and managerial implications of default choice settings are discussed.online shopping, decision framing, pricing, choice model

BRAF V600E, TERT promoter mutations and CDKN2A/B homozygous deletions are frequent in epithelioid glioblastomas: a histological and molecular analysis focusing on intratumoral heterogeneity

学位記番号:医博甲173

Modeling Competitive Diffusion Process in Japanese ADSL Service Market

This study models innovation diffusion process with brand-level competition, focusing on the competition among ADSL service providers in Japan. For a particular brand (service provider), the diffusion process is assumed to be influenced by three forces: (1) the external influence through mass media, (2) the internal influence of the communication with the brand adopters, and (3) the influence due to the market growth of the product category. Through the assumption that the internal influence of each brand in a product category has the identical structure, the proposed brand-level model can be summed up to the Bass model of the product category, and solved with a closed-form expression. Applying the model to the diffusion of ADSL market in Japan, the empirical results reveal that the proposed model describes the brand-level diffusion patterns very well

Inferring Consideration Set from Scanner Data

Consideration set has been one of main research topics in marketing field for a long time. Using interview data, many studies have been conducted to investigate the nature of its content. However, only few studies tried to do so by using consumer purchase history. By modeling the process of consideration and choice set formation, in this research we try to elicit consumer consideration set from scanner data. Some managerial implications for marketing decisions derived from the information of consideration set are discussed.Consideration Set, Choice Set, Choice Model

Gender gaps in cognitive and social-emotional skills in early primary grades:Evidence from rural Indonesia

This paper examines the magnitude and source of gender gaps in cognitive and social‐emotional skills in early primary grades in rural Indonesia. Relative to boys, girls score more than 0.17 SD higher in tests of language and mathematics (cognitive skills) and between 0.18 and 0.27 SD higher in measures of social competence and emotional maturity (social‐emotional skills). We use Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition to investigate the extent to which gender differences in early schooling and parenting practices explain these gender gaps in skills. For cognitive skills, differences in early schooling between boys and girls explain between 9% and 11% of the gender gap whereas differences in parenting practices explain merely 3%–5% of the gender gap. This decomposition result is driven largely by children living in villages with high‐quality preschools. In contrast, for social‐emotional skills, differences in parenting styles toward boys and girls explain between 13% and 17% of the gender gap, while differences in early schooling explain only 0%–6% of the gender gap

Inferring Evoked and Consideration Set from Scanner Data

Evoked and consideration set have been one of main research topics in marketing field for a long time. Using interview data, many studies have been conducted to investigate the nature of its content. However, only few studies tried to do so by using consumer purchase history. By modeling the process of evoked and consideration set formation, in this research we try to elicit consumer evoked set from scanner data. Some managerial implications for marketing decisions derived from the information of estimated evoked set are discussed.Evoked Set, Consideration Set, Brand Choice