Nutrient and Water Uptake, Growth and Yield of Substrate Cultured Strawberry cv. Nyoho with Solar-Mediated Fertigation Control

Nutrient and water uptake, growth and yield of strawberry (Fagaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Nyoho) grown in peat-based substrate with contralled fertigation corresponding to solar radiation (SR) were composed with that of time-scheduled fertigation (TS). Amount of nutrient solution for each treatment was changed seasonally to keep the amount of drainage as 30-50ml/plant/day. The amount of each fertigation (y, ml/plant; 4 times a day) was automatically controlled with the following equation in SR; y= (24x + 17.5) c, where x: comulative solar radiation after the previous fertigation (kW ・hr/m2) and c:0.7-2.0 (factor changed seasonally according to the aomunt of drainage), while the amount was set as 24.6 -77.6ml/plant (4 times a day) in TS. There was little difference between the two fertigation systems in growth, yield and the amount of absorbed nutrients. However, nutrients and water were absorbed more efficiently and nutrients were discharged with drainage less in SR than in TS. Relationship between water consumption and solar radiation varied seasonally, in which the slope of the regression was larger in April and May compared to before March. EC value of the drainage increased to 1.5 times or more of applied solution when the amount of drainage was small, but the EC and concentration of nutrients in the drainage varied little when discharge rate (amount of drainage / supplied solution) was larger than 15% or drainage was more than 30ml/plant/day. When strawberries are grown with substrate, optimum value of the discharge rate may be 15 to 20%. To maintain this value, the factors of a controlling device for solar-mediated fertigation should be changed in a timely manner depending on the seasonal changes in evapotranspiration rate affected by leaf area of plants and/or environmental conditions in a greenhouse.ピートモスを主体とする培地で養液栽培したイチゴ‘女峰’の生育，収量と養水分吸収について，液量30～50ml/株/日を目標として毎回の給液量を一定の値（24.6～77.6ml/株）に設定し，点滴給液した固定区を対照とし，給液量（ｙ：ml/株）を前回の給液からの積算日射量（ｘ：kW・hr/㎡）に基づいて変動させて点滴給液する［ｙ＝(24ｘ＋17.5)ｃ，ｃ：0.7～2.0］日射比例制御区（比例区）との比較を行った．生育，収量については処理区間にほとんど差が認められず，養分の総吸収量にも大きな差は認められなかった．しかし，対照区と比較して比例区では，養水分の利用効率が高く，排液とともに排出される養分が少なかったことから，日射比例給液制御によって環境に対する負荷を小さくできることが明らかになった．イチゴの蒸発散速度と日射量との間の関係は季節によって異なり，葉面積が大きくなる４月以降は回帰式の傾きが大きくなった．また，排液が少ない場合には排液のECが施与した培養液の1.5倍以上と著しく高くなったが，排液率（給液量/液量）が15%，あるいは排液量が30ml/株/日以上の場合には，排液のECと排液中養分濃度が安定した値を示した．これらのことから，イチゴを固形培地で養液栽培する場合には，葉面積やハウス内環境条件の季節的な変動による蒸発散速度の変化に合わせて，排液率が15～20%となるように日射比例給液制御の設定値を変更することが望ましいと考えられた

Fluctuating Diusivity Emerges even in Binary Gas Mixtures

Some components in colloidal suspensions, biological systems, active matters, and polymeric materials exhibit time-dependent diffusivity, called the fluctuating diffusivity. The fluctuating diffusivity has been attributed to two origins: a temporarily and/or spatially heterogeneous environment, or a fluctuation of a conformation of a component. In this letter, we propose the third origin for the fluctuating diffusivity based on numerical simulations for simple gas systems: binary mixtures of hard spheres. The fraction of one component is very tiny, and the mass of the minor component molecule is different from the major one. The molecule of the minor component exhibits the fluctuating diffusivity when the mass of the minor component molecule is sufficiently smaller than that of the major one. We elucidate that the fluctuating diffusivity in our system is caused by a timescale separation between the relaxations of the velocity direction and the speed of the minor component molecule.Comment: 11pages, 5 figure

Local instability signatures in ALMA observations of dense gas in NGC7469

We present an unprecedented measurement of the disc stability and local instability scales in the luminous infrared Seyfert 1 host, NGC7469, based on ALMA observations of dense gas tracers and with a synthesized beam of 165 x 132 pc. While we confirm that non-circular motions are not significant in redistributing the dense interstellar gas in this galaxy, we find compelling evidence that the dense gas is a suitable tracer for studying the origin of its intensely high-mass star forming ring-like structure. Our derived disc stability parameter accounts for a thick disc structure and its value falls below unity at the radii in which intense star formation is found. Furthermore, we derive the characteristic instability scale and find a striking agreement between our measured scale of ~ 180 pc, and the typical sizes of individual complexes of young and massive star clusters seen in high-resolution images.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letter

Dual Energy CT for determining the severity of acute pancreatitis

We aimed to quantitatively compare the iodine concentration measured by Dual Energy Computed Tomography （CT） between acute and mild pancreatitis cases and to evaluate the accuracy of the severity assessment of acute pancreatitis using Dual Energy CT. The contrast CT grade based on the guidelines in Japan and definitive diagnoses were evaluated. Iodine concentrations and C-reactive protein （CRP） levels were compared between mild and severe acute pancreatitis. The CECT grading diagnosed five false negative cases out of 41 patients. Only when the CRP reached the highest level, there was a significant difference between severe and mild cases. There were significant differences between the iodine concentration of severe and mild cases. Our results demonstrated measuring iodine concentration using Dual Energy CT is useful for severity assessment of acute pancreatitis

Submillimeter ALMA Observations of the Dense Gas in the Low-Luminosity Type-1 Active Nucleus of NGC 1097

We present the first 100 pc scale view of the dense molecular gas in the central ~ 1.3 kpc region of the type-1 Seyfert NGC 1097 traced by HCN (J=4-3) and HCO+ (J=4-3) lines afforded with ALMA band 7. This galaxy shows significant HCN enhancement with respect to HCO+ and CO in the low-J transitions, which seems to be a common characteristic in AGN environments. Using the ALMA data, we study the characteristics of the dense gas around this AGN and search for the mechanism of HCN enhancement. We find a high HCN (J=4-3) to HCO+ (J=4-3) line ratio in the nucleus. The upper limit of the brightness temperature ratio of HCN (v2=1^{1f}, J=4-3) to HCN (J=4-3) is 0.08, which indicates that IR pumping does not significantly affect the pure rotational population in this nucleus. We also find a higher HCN (J=4-3) to CS (J=7-6) line ratio in NGC 1097 than in starburst galaxies, which is more than 12.7 on the brightness temperature scale. Combined from similar observations from other galaxies, we tentatively suggest that this ratio appears to be higher in AGN-host galaxies than in pure starburst ones similar to the widely used HCN to HCO+ ratio. LTE and non-LTE modeling of the observed HCN and HCO+ lines using J=4-3 and 1-0 data from ALMA, and J=3-2 data from SMA, reveals a high HCN to HCO+ abundance ratio (5 < [HCN]/[HCO+] < 20: non-LTE analysis) in the nucleus, and that the high-J lines (J=4-3 and 3-2) are emitted from dense (10^{4.5} < n_H2 [/cc] < 10^6), hot (70 < Tkin [K] < 550) regions. Finally we propose that the high temperature chemistry is more plausible to explain the observed enhanced HCN emission in NGC 1097 than the pure gas phase PDR/XDR chemistry.Comment: 28 pages, 17 figures, 10 tables. Accepted to PAS