9,822 research outputs found
Possibility of the LBL experiment with the high intensity proton accelerator
We study physics possibility of Very Long Base-Line (VLBL)
Neutrino-Oscillation Experiments with the High Intensity Proton Accelerator,
which will be completed by the year 2007 in Tokai-village, Japan. As a target,
a 100 kton-level water-Cerenkov detector is considered at 2,100 km away.
Assuming the pulsed narrow-band nu_mu beams, we study sensitivity of such
experiments to the neutrino mass hierarchy, the mass-squared differences, one
CP phase and three angles of the lepton-flavor-mixing matrix. We find that
experiments at a distance 2,100 km can determine the neutrino mass hierarchy if
the mixing matrix element U_{e3} is not too small. The CP phase and U_{e3} can
be constrained if the large-mixing-angle solution of the solar-neutrino deficit
is realized.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure Proceedings of the NuFACT'01 Workshop, Tsukuba,
Japan, May 200
Collective motion occurs inevitably in a class of populations of globally coupled chaotic elements
We discovered numerically a scaling law obeyed by the amplitude of collective
mo tion in large populations of chaotic elements. Our analysis strongly
suggests that such populations generically exhibit collective motion in the
presence of interaction, however weak it may be. A phase diagram for the
collective motion, which is characterized by peculiar structures similar to
Arnold tongues, is obtained.Comment: 6 pages, 9 Postscript figures, uses revtex.st
A Reversibility Parameter for a Markovian Stepper
Recent experimental studies on the stepwize motion of biological molecular
motors have revealed that the ``characteristic distance'' of a step is usually
less than the actual step size. This observation implies that the
detailed-balance condition for kinetic rates of steps is violated in these
motors. In this letter, in order to clarify the significance of the
characteristic distance, we study a Langevin model of a molecular motor with a
hidden degree of freedom. We find that the ratio of the characteristic distance
to the step size is equal to unity if the dominant paths in the state space are
one dimensional, while it deviates from unity if the dominant paths are
branched. Therefore, this parameter can be utilized to determine the
reversibility of a motor even under a restricted observation.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures - minor revision
Grain size dependence of barchan dune dynamics
The dependence of the barchan dune dynamics on the size of the grains
involved is investigated experimentally. Downsized barchan dune slices are
observed in a narrow water flow tube. The relaxation time from an initial
symmetric triangular heap towards an asymmetric shape attractor increases with
dune mass and decreases with grain size. The dune velocity increases with grain
size. In contrast, the velocity scaling and the shape of the barchan dune is
independent of the size of the grains
Modeling Eddy Current Crack Signals of Differential and Reflection Probes
The efforts of past several years have resulted in development of an eddy current model [1–8], using the boundary element method (BEM). As of last year, the BEM algorithm based on the Hertz potential approach [1–3] was shown to be effective in dealing with complex part and probe geometry [4–6], and particularly in modeling crack signals [7–9]. Previously, the modeling capabilities were demonstrated mostly with absolute probes. This year, the focus has been shifted toward on crack signals of differential and reflection probes
An expression for stationary distribution in nonequilibrium steady state
We study the nonequilibrium steady state realized in a general stochastic
system attached to multiple heat baths and/or driven by an external force.
Starting from the detailed fluctuation theorem we derive concise and suggestive
expressions for the corresponding stationary distribution which are correct up
to the second order in thermodynamic forces. The probability of a microstate
is proportional to where
is the excess entropy change.
Here is the difference between two kinds of conditioned
path ensemble averages of excess heat transfer from the -th heat bath whose
inverse temperature is . Our expression may be verified experimentally
in nonequilibrium states realized, for example, in mesoscopic systems.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Filling dependence of a new type of charge ordered liquid on a triangular lattice system
We study the recently reported characteristic gapless charge ordered state in
a spinless fermion system on a triangular lattice under strong inter-site
Coulomb interactions. In this state the charges are spontaneously divided into
solid and liquid component, and the former solid part aligns in a Wigner
crystal manner while the latter moves among them like a pinball. We show that
such charge ordered liquid is stable over a wide range of filling, ,
and examine its filling dependent nature.Comment: 3 pages 3 figure
Two-band superconductivity featuring different anisotropies in the ternary iron silicide LuFeSi
We report detailed studies of the upper critical field and low-temperature
specific heat in the two-gap superconductor LuFeSi. The
anisotropy of the upper critical field suggests that the active band is
quasi-one-dimensional. Low-temperature specific heat in magnetic fields reveals
that the virtual in the passive band is almost isotropic. These
results strongly indicate that the two bands have two different anisotropies,
similar to the typical two-gap superconductor MgB, and their interplay
may be essential to the two-gap superconductivity in LuFeSi.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
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