多重聴性定常反応で評価した滲出性中耳炎児の気導骨導差

Objective: Multiple auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) to air- and bone-conduction stimuli were recorded in young children with otitis media with effusion (OME). After treatment for OME, differences between pre-treatment bone-conduction ASSR levels and post-treatment conditioned orientation reflex (COR) or air-conduction ASSR levels were examined, and compared with ASSR-estimated air-bone gap (ABG) before treatment. Methods: Navigator Pro with Master was used to assess the threshold of air- and bone-conduction ASSR in both ears at 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz. For bone-conduction ASSR, RadioEar B-71 bone-vibrator placed on the mastoid was used with white-noise masking on the contralateral ear. Results: After ventilation tube placement, the thresholds of COR got closer to those of pre-treatment bone-conduction ASSR in young children with OME. Moreover, post-treatment air-conduction ASSR thresholds also got closer to those of pre-treatment bone-conduction ASSR. The differences between pre-treatment bone-conduction ASSR thresholds and post-treatment COR or air-conduction ASSR thresholds became much smaller than ASSR-estimated ABG before treatment. Conclusion: These findings suggest that bone-conduction ASSR can assess the normal or near normal cochlear sensitivity in young children with conductive hearing loss. It is also suggested that ASSR-estimated ABG can be used clinically to predict their accurate ABG

Children with unilateral hearing loss

Objectives : We examined speech recognition ability of elementary school-aged Japanese children with unilateral hearing loss under noisy environments and then examined the effects of the FM system fitted into their normal hearing ear on their speech recognition ability. Methods : Twelve children with severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss and ten age-matched children with bilateral normal hearing received speech recognition test in quiet and noisy environments. Other nine children with severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss received speech recognition test with or without the FM receiver fitted to the normal hearing ear in quiet and noisy environments. Results : Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in Japanese elementary school classrooms was estimated to be -6.9 dB at a preferential seat. In noisy environment of -5 dB SNR similar to working classrooms, the correct rates of speech recognition test in children with unilateral hearing loss were significantly lower, compared with those in children with bilateral normal hearing. In the noisy environment, the correct rates in children aided by the FM system with unilateral hearing loss were significantly better, compared with unaided ones. Conclusion : The results suggested that the FM system is recommended as an audiological management for improvement of speech recognition of children with unilateral hearing loss in noisy classrooms

Taxonomic review for the Asian taxa of plant bug tribe Hallodapini, with emphasis on stridulatory mechanism (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae)

Yasunaga, Tomohide, Tamada, Yui, Hinami, Haruka, Miyazaki, Ayana, Duwal, Ram Keshari, Nagashima, Tetsuya (2019): Taxonomic review for the Asian taxa of plant bug tribe Hallodapini, with emphasis on stridulatory mechanism (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (1): 71-99, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0007, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2019-000

Systellonotus Fieber 1858

<i>Systellonotus</i> Fieber, 1858 <p> <i>Systellonotus malaisei</i> Lindberg 1934 – Japan (Hokkaido).</p>Published as part of <i>Yasunaga, Tomohide, Tamada, Yui, Hinami, Haruka, Miyazaki, Ayana, Duwal, Ram Keshari & Nagashima, Tetsuya, 2019, Taxonomic review for the Asian taxa of plant bug tribe Hallodapini, with emphasis on stridulatory mechanism (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae), pp. 71-99 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (1)</i> on page 73, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0007, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4505468">http://zenodo.org/record/4505468</a&gt

Acrorrhinium Noualhier 1895

<i>Acrorrhinium</i> Noualhier, 1895 <p> <i>Acrorrhinium inexpectatum</i> Josifov, 1984 – Japan (Honshu).</p> <p> <i>Acrorrhinium kranion</i> Yasunaga, Yamada & Artchawakom, 2013 – Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima).</p> <p> <i>Acrorrhinium lancialium</i> Yasunaga, Yamada & Artchawakom, 2013 – Thailand (Nakhon Nayok, Nakhon Ratchasima).</p> <p> <i>Acrorrhinium tritonion</i> Yasunaga, Yamada & Artchawakom, 2013 – Thailand (Nakhon Nayok, Rayong).</p>Published as part of <i>Yasunaga, Tomohide, Tamada, Yui, Hinami, Haruka, Miyazaki, Ayana, Duwal, Ram Keshari & Nagashima, Tetsuya, 2019, Taxonomic review for the Asian taxa of plant bug tribe Hallodapini, with emphasis on stridulatory mechanism (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae), pp. 71-99 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (1)</i> on page 72, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0007, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4505468">http://zenodo.org/record/4505468</a&gt

Cleotomiris Schuh 1995

<i>Cleotomiris</i> Schuh, 1995 <p> <i>Cleotomiris miyamotoi</i> Yasunaga, 2012 – Japan (Ryukyus).</p> <p> <i>Cleotomiris sakaeratensis</i> Yasunaga & Duwal, 2015 – Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima).</p> <p> <i>Cleotomiris yamadakazi</i> Yasunaga, 2012 – Thailand (Nakhon Nayok, Nakhon Ratchasima).</p> <p> <i>Cleotomiris</i> sp. – China (Yunnan).</p>Published as part of <i>Yasunaga, Tomohide, Tamada, Yui, Hinami, Haruka, Miyazaki, Ayana, Duwal, Ram Keshari & Nagashima, Tetsuya, 2019, Taxonomic review for the Asian taxa of plant bug tribe Hallodapini, with emphasis on stridulatory mechanism (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae), pp. 71-99 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (1)</i> on page 73, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0007, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4505468">http://zenodo.org/record/4505468</a&gt

Hallodapus Fieber 1858

<i>Hallodapus</i> Fieber, 1858 <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Body rather small, elongate, slender but female predominantly brachypterous (Figs 19–24); dorsum weakly shining, impunctate, with sparsely distributed, pale, simple, upright setae; general coloration basically brown, with pale or white maculae on corium and/or clavus, lacking greenish tinge; more or less prognathous head; eye small, contiguous to flattened pronotum collar; stridulatory device involving dorsobasal surface of metafemur and embolial edge present both in macropterous and brachypterous forms; scent efferent system small; parempodia setiform (Figs 91, 129); pygophore usually smooth, rarely with a pygophoral spine (in <i>H. spinosus</i> sp. nov. and <i>H. susurratus</i> sp. nov.); left paramere developed (Figs 85, 130); endosoma slender, elongate or sometimes very long, with well-marked secondary gonopore (Figs 94, 107, 178–180); ovipositors short, with developed apices; posterior wall simple; sclerotized ring small but clearly rimmed (Figs 201–209).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Known widely from the Old World (Palearctic Region to southern Africa, northeast to Japan, Korea and Russian Far East, and Oriental Region southeast across Wallacea to New Guinea and northern Australia); most speciose in the Ethiopian and Oriental Regions (SCHUH 2013).</p> <p> <b>Discussion.</b> This is the most speciose genus in the tribe Hallodapini, including about 50 valid species from the Old World. Majority of them are thermophilic, known predominantly from tropical and subtropical climate zones. All <i>Hallodapus</i> species we have examined (Table 1) are equipped with the distinct stridulatory device (e.g., Figs 41–53, 77–78, 81–84). Our recent attempt successfully detected stridulation in two Japanese species, <i>H. centrimaculatus</i> (approx. 2,100 Hz) and <i>H. ravenar</i> (800 Hz), in laboratory observation (Fig. 32).As exhibiting significant interspecific variation, extent and shape of MFP can be regarded as the effective key character for species identification (as in Figs 40–53). The stridulatory mechanism is equally possessed by both male and female adults (cf. Figs 40–46, 48–49) but absent in immature forms (Fig. 50).</p> <p> In addition to stridulation, we observed and videoed remarkable intraspecific conflict occasionally occurring between males of each <i>Hallodapus centrimaculatus</i> and <i>H. ravenar</i> in laboratory condition. Thus far as we recognized, no previous work has ever reported such fighting behavior for the Miridae. We have not yet clarified when and why they fight, and further continuing investigation is required to elucidate the meaning of their conflict. Some of our sample movies are available from the the websites mentioned in Online supplimentary data (p. 98).</p> <p> All <i>Hallodapus</i> congeners are presumed to be epigeic, inhabiting ground densely covered with weeds and/or shrubs (cf. Figs 1−2). YASUNAGA (2001) considered that (at least Japanese) species of <i>Hallodapus</i> are predaceous. During our laboratory observation, four Japanese species, <i>H. centrimaculatus, H. kyushuensis</i>, <i>H. linnavuori</i>, and <i>H. ravenar</i>, did not attack or prey on live tiny arthropods but prefer to feed on the cadavers of various insects and spiders (sometimes much larger than these hallodapines) as well as birds’ droppings. This evidence could imply that <i>Hallodapus</i> species are scavengers instead of predators. The eggs and oviposition were for the first time confirmed for <i>H. centrimaculatus</i> and <i>H. ravenar</i> (Figs 7–8, 108–109); the female adults of both species were found to oviposit near the roots of weeds (Fig. 6).</p>Published as part of <i>Yasunaga, Tomohide, Tamada, Yui, Hinami, Haruka, Miyazaki, Ayana, Duwal, Ram Keshari & Nagashima, Tetsuya, 2019, Taxonomic review for the Asian taxa of plant bug tribe Hallodapini, with emphasis on stridulatory mechanism (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae), pp. 71-99 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (1)</i> on page 82, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0007, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4505468">http://zenodo.org/record/4505468</a&gt

Wygomiris phormictes Yasunaga & Tamada & Hinami & Miyazaki & Duwal & Nagashima 2019, sp. nov.

<i>Wygomiris phormictes</i> Yasunaga & Duwal sp. nov. <p>(Figs 146–154, 170–173)</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> HOLOTYPE: ♀, <b>THAILAND: NAKHON RATCHASIMA:</b> Wang Nam Khieo, Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, 14°30′27″N, 101°55′39″E, 410 m alt., UV light trap, 22 Mar 2014, T.Yasunaga (DOAT) (AMNH _ PBI 00380645).</p> <p> <b>Differential diagnosis.</b> Most similar in general appearance and similarly small size (body length <3.0 mm) to <i>W. kaliyahae</i> Yasunaga, 2012, from which this new species is readily distinguished by the following characters: pale brown antennal segments I and II (Fig. 170); short antennal segment II that is shorter than head width across eyes; relatively shiny pronotum; golden brown anterior part of hemelytron (Fig. 171); constricted middle margin of embolium (Figs 149, 171); possession of noticeable stridulatory device (FWS+MFP, Figs 149–150, 152–153); pale coxae (Fig. 172); short metafemur almost equal in length to mesofemur (Fig. 173); mesotibia longer than mesofemur; and metatarsomere II as long as III (Fig. 151).</p> <p> <b> Description. <i>Female</i></b> (holotype). Macropterous; body small (2.7 mm); dorsal surface relatively shining, with sparsely distributed, simple upright setae and woolly reclining setae. Head dark brown, weakly shining.Antenna pale brown, partly tinged with red, generally short; segments III and IV dark brown. Labium shiny reddish brown, slightly exceeding apex of mesocoxa. Pronotum and propleuron shining, dark brown; epimeron and episternum shiny reddish brown; scent efferent system pale somber brown; scutellum dark brown, somewhat shagreened, flat. Hemelytron dark brown, with anterior part contrastingly golden brown as in Figs 170–171, constricted at middle; embolium with rather developed FWS (Figs 149–150); membrane smoky brown, with pale, translucent basal 1/3. Coxae and legs pale brown; protibia, base of mesotibia, apical half of metafemur and whole metatibia reddish brown (Fig. 173); mesofemur as long as metafemur; mesotibia slightly longer than metatibia; metatibia somewhat inflated; MFP distributed on median metafemur (Fig. 152), with each plectrum hemispherical (Fig. 153). Abdomen widely shiny dark brown; abdominal sterna II–IV paler. Female genitalia: Not examined.</p> <p> <i>Measurements</i> (mm). Female (holotype): Total length of body 2.70; head width including eyes 0.60; vertex width 0.29; lengths of antennal segments I–IV 0.15, 0.53, 0.35, 0.35; labial length 0.98; basal width of pronotum 0.92; maximum width across hemelytron 1.08; lengths of mesofemur and tibia 0.78 and 1.05; and lengths of metafemur, tibia and tarsus 0.78, 1.10, 0.27.</p> <p> <b> <i>Male</i>.</b> Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> From Greek, <i>phormictes</i> (or <i>phormiktes</i> = harper), referring to presence of the stridulatory device of this new species; noun in apposition.</p> <p> <b>Biology.</b> A female adult (Fig. 170) was attracted to UV light trap at tropical dry-evergreen forest zone (cf. https:// www.tistr.or.th/sakaerat/sakaeratE/Environment/environment.htm).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Thailand: Nakhon Ratchasima (this paper).</p>Published as part of <i>Yasunaga, Tomohide, Tamada, Yui, Hinami, Haruka, Miyazaki, Ayana, Duwal, Ram Keshari & Nagashima, Tetsuya, 2019, Taxonomic review for the Asian taxa of plant bug tribe Hallodapini, with emphasis on stridulatory mechanism (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae), pp. 71-99 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (1)</i> on page 98, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0007, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4505468">http://zenodo.org/record/4505468</a&gt

Cleotomiroides ishikawachui Yasunaga & Tamada & Hinami & Miyazaki & Duwal & Nagashima 2019

<i>Cleotomiroides ishikawachui</i> Yasunaga & Duwal, sp. nov. <p>(Figs 33–35, 74−76, 192–195)</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> HOLOTYPE: ♁, <b>INDONESIA: JAVA:</b> Malang, Buring, S 07°59′40.0″–42.0″ E112°39′38.0″–39.1″, 513–518 m alt., 24 Aug 2005 (afternoon), T. Ishikawa (TUAK) (AMNH _ PBI 00380631).</p> <p> <b>Differential diagnosis.</b> Recognized by its relatively large size; fuscous basic coloration contrasting with rusty apical half of the clavus (Fig. 33); conspicuous white fascia and maculae on hemelytron (Figs 33, 35); and form of male genitalia (Figs 192−195). This new species can be distinguished from two known congeners by the fuscous general coloration, broad hypophysis of the left paramere (Fig. 193), and elongate apical appendage and spinulate flap-like process of the endosoma (Fig. 195).</p> <p> <b> Description. <i>Male.</i></b> Body generally blackish brown, relatively small, myrmecomorphic; dorsal surface weakly shining, widely shagreened or roughened, with sparsely distributed, woolly semierect setae and with more sparsely distributed, longer, upright setae (Fig. 35). Head dull brown, oblique; eyes large; vertex narrowly carinate basally. Antenna dull yellowish brown, almost linear; segment II slightly incrassate toward apex; segments III and IV brown, weakly terete. Labium shiny dark brown, reaching subapical part of mesocoxa. Pronotum with a narrow collar, narrower than all antennal segments; pleura shiny fuscous, minutely rugose; ostiolar peritreme strongly protruding medially, with ivory white posterior margin of evaporative area. Hemelytron with a white, continuous fascia posterior to scutellum across clavus, corium and exocorium (Fig. 33); apical 1/4 of corium rusty; membrane smoky brown, except for pale, translucent base. Coxae and legs brown or darker; meso- and metacoxae widely pale brown; pretarsus with rather fleshy, apically convergent parempodia (Fig. 76). Abdomen wholly dark brown, somewhat shagreened (Fig. 34). Male genitalia (Figs 192–195): Genital segment with a ventral spine (Fig. 192). Left paramere with rather stout hypophysis (Fig. 193). Phallotheca almost straight, tapered, with a spine near apex (Fig. 194). Endosoma J-shaped, stout, with an elongate apical appendage and a weakly sclerotized, rounded flap-like process beside thick-rimmed secondary gonopore (Fig. 196).</p> <p> <i>Measurements.</i> Male (holotype): Total length of body 3.33; head width including eyes 0.72; vertex width 0.21; lengths of antennal segments I–IV 0.30, 1.07, 0.60, 0.44; total labial length 1.28; basal width of pronotum 1.02; maximum width across hemelytron 1.05; and lengths of metafemur, tibia and tarsus 1.14, 1.70, 0.30.</p> <p> <i>Female.</i> Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Named after a Japanese heteropterist, Dr. Tadashi (nickname Chu) Ishikawa who collected the holotype specimen of this new species; a noun in genitive case.</p> <p> <b>Biology.</b> Unknown; Dr. Ishikawa collected the holotype female by sweep-netting an unidentified broadleaf tree.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Indonesia: Java (this paper).</p>Published as part of <i>Yasunaga, Tomohide, Tamada, Yui, Hinami, Haruka, Miyazaki, Ayana, Duwal, Ram Keshari & Nagashima, Tetsuya, 2019, Taxonomic review for the Asian taxa of plant bug tribe Hallodapini, with emphasis on stridulatory mechanism (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae), pp. 71-99 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (1)</i> on pages 80-82, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0007, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4505468">http://zenodo.org/record/4505468</a&gt

Cleotomiroides Schuh 1984

<i>Cleotomiroides</i> Schuh, 1984 <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Externally very similar to <i>Cleotomiris</i>, from which this genus can be distinguished by slender and almost linear antennal segments II–IV (Figs 11–12), strongly protruding evaporative area of scent efferent system (Figs 74–75), remarkably broadened endosoma that is more or less elaborated apically with some appendages (Fig. 195), and small but thick-rimmed sclerotized ring (see YASUNAGA 2012). Detailed diagnosis and description were provided by SCHUH (1984).</p> <p> <b>Discussion.</b> See discussion under <i>Cleotomiris</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Yasunaga, Tomohide, Tamada, Yui, Hinami, Haruka, Miyazaki, Ayana, Duwal, Ram Keshari & Nagashima, Tetsuya, 2019, Taxonomic review for the Asian taxa of plant bug tribe Hallodapini, with emphasis on stridulatory mechanism (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae), pp. 71-99 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (1)</i> on pages 79-80, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0007, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4505468">http://zenodo.org/record/4505468</a&gt