RBE of "Prometeus" Facility Protons for Irradiation of Tumor Cells in vitro with One and Three Fields

The study was aimed to the biological effectiveness of the proton scanning beam of the first Russian medical facility. The clonogenic assay of B-16 tumor cells was used as a test system. Cell irradiation was carried out in a suspension condition in a water phantom. Single and three-field exposures were studied. The dose interval was 2-8 Gy. The energy range from 47.5 to 92.0 MeV was used for the Bragg peak formation. The relative biological effectiveness of protons comparing to gamma-rays was 1.2 for single-field and 1.5 for three-field irradiation. The results obtained agree with literature data related to the used cell culture (B-16) and linear energy transfer range (3÷8 keV/µm)

β-Катенин: структура, функции и роль в опухолевой трансформации эпителиальных клеток

The article presents the data on the structure and mechanisms of β-сatenin functioning. The basic aspects of the role of β-сatenin in malignant transformation have been studied at various tumors. Primary structure of β-catenin allows it to interact with many factors and ligands, including transcription factors, α-catenin, cadherin, Axin, Rho family GTPases, Bcl9 et al. This interaction is the base for β-catenin's intracellular multifunctioning. The review presents data on the participation of β-catenin in the mechanisms of adhesion, regulation of RNA metabolism, formation contacts with the cytoskeleton and its role in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, marked examples pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of β-catenin. The β-catenin involvement in malignant transformation and progression of certain tumors is not in doubt. The data on the changes in β-catenin expression in the given examples of colon cancer, prostate cancer, different forms of thyroid cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma are presented with the prospects of its use as a marker and a predictor of malignant transformation. Continued research in this area will not only make use of β-catenin as a potential predictor of malignant tumors, but also to develop approaches to targeted therapy.В обзоре представлены сведения о структуре и механизмах функционирования β-катенина, его роли в опухолевой трансформации при различных вариантах неоплазий. Первичная структура β-катенина позволяет ему взаимодействовать со многими факторами и лигандами, в т.ч. с факторами транскрипции, α-катенином, белком клеточной адгезии кадгерином, Axin, малыми ГТФазами семейства Rho, Bcl9 и др. Все это объясняет его внутриклеточную многофункциональность. Также приведены данные об участии β-катенина в механизмах адгезии, регуляции метаболизма РНК, формировании контактов с цитоскелетом, его роли как кофактора в каноническом Wnt-сигнальном пути; приведены примеры про- и противовоспалительных эффектов β-катенина. Участие β-катенина в опухолевой трансформации и прогрессии некоторых злокачественных опухолей в настоящее время не вызывает сомнений. Освещены современные представления об изменении экспрессии β-катенина при таких эпителиальных злокачественных опухолях, как рак толстой кишки, рак предстательной железы, различные варианты рака щитовидной железы, гепатоцеллюлярный рак, а также перспективах его использования как маркера и предиктора злокачественных опухолей. Продолжение исследований в данном направлении позволит не только использовать β-катенин как потенциальный предиктор злокачественных опухолей, но и разработать подходы к их таргетной терапи

EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF IRRIGATION SPRAY APPLICATION FOR THE THROAT IN COMPLEX THERAPY OF INFLAMMATORY OROPHARYNX DISEASES IN CHILDREN

Inflammatory diseases of the oropharynx manifested with pain or discomfort in the throat, is a frequent pathology in children. Traditionally, patients with acute and exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis and pharyngitis are prescribed gargarism. In recent years, the use of sea water-based throat sprays have been allowed for irrigation therapy. Their use as part of the complex treatment of inflammatory oropharynx diseases statistically reliably decreases the intensity of pain reaction on the 10th–24th day of treatment compared to conventional gargarism and is comparable with conventional therapy when assessing other clinical symptoms. It is therefore possible to recommend using sea water-based substance as a initial means of irrigation therapy in the complex treatment of inflammatory oropharynx diseases in children.Key words: pharyngitis, tonsillitis, throat pain, irrigation therapy, children

EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF IRRIGATION SPRAY APPLICATION FOR THE THROAT IN COMPLEX THERAPY OF INFLAMMATORY OROPHARYNX DISEASES IN CHILDREN

Inflammatory diseases of the oropharynx manifested with pain or discomfort in the throat, is a frequent pathology in children. Traditionally, patients with acute and exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis and pharyngitis are prescribed gargarism. In recent years, the use of sea water-based throat sprays have been allowed for irrigation therapy. Their use as part of the complex treatment of inflammatory oropharynx diseases statistically reliably decreases the intensity of pain reaction on the 10th–24th day of treatment compared to conventional gargarism and is comparable with conventional therapy when assessing other clinical symptoms. It is therefore possible to recommend using sea water-based substance as a initial means of irrigation therapy in the complex treatment of inflammatory oropharynx diseases in children.Key words: pharyngitis, tonsillitis, throat pain, irrigation therapy, children

Morphological substantiation of laparoscopic suturing of stomach ulcer with formation of a covered perforation

Objective. Morphological substantiation of laparoscopic suturing of gastric ulcer with formation of a covered perforation. Material and methods. To analyze morphological tissue reaction in surgical area, we used 12 Chinchilla rabbits. All animals were divided into 2 groups by 6 animals. The main group enrolled rabbits undergoing suturing of perforated gastric ulcer with formation of a covered perforation by anterior stomach wall. In the control group, gastric perforation was sutured by conventional double-row suture. For histological analysis, 2 animals in each group were withdrawn from the experiment after 7, 14 and 21 days. We excised gastric wall within the area of perforation closure. Morphological data on healing process were compared between both groups. Results. Stomach deformation after 7 days was more severe in the main group compared to simple suturing. However, these dif- ferences were absent after 21 days. Morphological analysis revealed postoperative transmural necrosis after 7 days. Signs of early epithelialization were more obvious in the main group. After 21 postoperative days, we observed almost completely restored dif- ferentiation of stomach wall layers in both groups of animals. © 2022, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved