RESEARCH AND RESTORATION OF INLAND WATERS OF DAGESTAN AND THE TEREK RIVER IN ORDER TO INCREASE FISH PRODUCTION

The rational use of fish stocks and increase their productivity is one of the most important and urgent problems of fisheries. One of the important areas in the fishing and for the reproduction of fish on the west coast of the Caspian Sea is the basin of the Terek River. For long period (over 40 years) without the required amount of water and in the absence of improvement measures in reservoirs downstream of the Terek River deteriorated environmental conditions. Efficiency and productivity of the natural reproduction of fish fell. To raise the value of water bodies requires the implementation of integrated fisheries management activities, and thereby restore the original state and to improve water bodies

Alkylation of Toluene with Isopropanol on Lantanum Modified ZSM-5 Zeolite

Abstract: The effect of lanthanum concentration on the physicochemical and catalyticproperties of HZSM-5 zeolite in a reaction of toluene alkylation withisopropanol was studied in a temperature range of 250–350°C. Based on the dataobtained by X-ray diffraction analysis, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (BETmethod), and IR spectroscopy, it was shown that an increase in lanthanumconcentration in HZSM-5 from 1.0 wt % to 7.0 wt % reduces both the specificsurface area and the pore volume of the zeolite despite the retention of itscrystalline structure. This also results in redistribution of acid sites,specifically decreases the concentration of strong Brønsted acid sites (B) andincreases that of moderate Lewis acid sites (L), thus decreasing the B/L ratiofrom 3.53 to 0.20. All these occurrences have a crucial effect on theselectivity of reaction products and, in particular, on the p-isopropyl toluene (4-IPT) selectivity. Maximumselectivity, making up 72.4%, is achieved by a zeolite containing 5.0 wt %lanthanum at a B/L ratio of 0.25. © 2021, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Global perspective of familial hypercholesterolaemia: a cross-sectional study from the EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC)

Background The European Atherosclerosis Society Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) global registry provides a platform for the global surveillance of familial hypercholesterolaemia through harmonisation and pooling of multinational data. In this study, we aimed to characterise the adult population with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia and described how it is detected and managed globally. Methods Using FHSC global registry data, we did a cross-sectional assessment of adults (aged 18 years or older) with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of probable or definite heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia at the time they were entered into the registries. Data were assessed overall and by WHO regions, sex, and index versus non-index cases. Findings Of the 61 612 individuals in the registry, 42 167 adults (21 999 [53·6%] women) from 56 countries were included in the study. Of these, 31 798 (75·4%) were diagnosed with the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria, and 35 490 (84·2%) were from the WHO region of Europe. Median age of participants at entry in the registry was 46·2 years (IQR 34·3–58·0); median age at diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia was 44·4 years (32·5–56·5), with 40·2% of participants younger than 40 years when diagnosed. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors increased progressively with age and varied by WHO region. Prevalence of coronary disease was 17·4% (2·1% for stroke and 5·2% for peripheral artery disease), increasing with concentrations of untreated LDL cholesterol, and was about two times lower in women than in men. Among patients receiving lipid-lowering medications, 16 803 (81·1%) were receiving statins and 3691 (21·2%) were on combination therapy, with greater use of more potent lipid-lowering medication in men than in women. Median LDL cholesterol was 5·43 mmol/L (IQR 4·32–6·72) among patients not taking lipid-lowering medications and 4·23 mmol/L (3·20–5·66) among those taking them. Among patients taking lipid-lowering medications, 2·7% had LDL cholesterol lower than 1·8 mmol/L; the use of combination therapy, particularly with three drugs and with proprotein convertase subtilisin–kexin type 9 inhibitors, was associated with a higher proportion and greater odds of having LDL cholesterol lower than 1·8 mmol/L. Compared with index cases, patients who were non-index cases were younger, with lower LDL cholesterol and lower prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases (all p<0·001). Interpretation Familial hypercholesterolaemia is diagnosed late. Guideline-recommended LDL cholesterol concentrations are infrequently achieved with single-drug therapy. Cardiovascular risk factors and presence of coronary disease were lower among non-index cases, who were diagnosed earlier. Earlier detection and greater use of combination therapies are required to reduce the global burden of familial hypercholesterolaemia. Funding Pfizer, Amgen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Sanofi–Aventis, Daiichi Sankyo, and Regeneron