Testing population genetic structure using parametric bootstrapping and M IGRATE-N

We present a method for investigating genetic population structure using sequence data. Our hypothesis states that the parameters most responsible for the formation of genetic structure among different populations are the relative rates of mutation (μ) and migration (M). The evolution of genetic structure among different populations requires rates of M ≪ μ because this allows population-specific mutation to accumulate. Rates of μ ≪ M will result in populations that are effectively panmictic because genetic differentiation will not develop among demes. Our test is implemented by using a parametric bootstrap to create the null distribution of the likelihood of the data having been produced under an appropriate model of sequence evolution and a migration rate sufficient to approximate panmixia. We describe this test, then apply it to mtDNA data from 243 plethodontid salamanders. We are able to reject the null hypothesis of no population structure on all but smallest geographic scales, a result consistent with the apparent lack of migration in Plethodon idahoensis . This approach represents a new method of investigating population structure with haploid DNA, and as such may be particularly useful for preliminary investigation of non-model organisms in which multi-locus nuclear data are not available.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/42796/1/10709_2004_Article_8358.pd

Identificación del índice de vulnerabilidad territorial a partir de modelos jerárquicos y heurísticos aplicando SOA

Auxiliar de InvestigaciónEn el proyecto se realiza el diseño y desarrollo de 4 servicios web implementando los modelos de toma de decisión (AHP, AHP FUZZY, ELECTRE y PROMETHEE), encargados de procesar datos obtenidos en campo en la primera fase del proyecto que se realizó a través de encuestas, formatos de entrevistas, talleres y metodologías de análisis. Los datos se procesaran de acuerdo al modelo de toma de decisión seleccionado, generando como resultado final un indicador de vulnerabilidad territorial.PregradoIngeniero de Sistema

Precis of epistemic angst:Book Symposium: Duncan Pritchard, Epistemic Angst (Princeton University Press, 2015, xiii + 236 pages)

ABSTRACT This book symposium features three critical pieces dealing with Duncan Pritchard's book, 'Epistemic Angst'; the symposium also contains Pritchard's replies to his critics

Toward a Multifaceted Heuristic of Digital Reading to Inform Assessment, Research, Practice, and Policy

In this commentary, the author explores the tension between almost 30 years of work that has embraced increasingly complex conceptions of digital reading and recent studies that risk oversimplifying digital reading as a singular entity analogous with reading text on a screen. The author begins by tracing a line of theoretical and empirical work that both informs and complicates our understanding of digital literacy and, more specifically, digital reading. Then, a heuristic is proposed to systematically organize, label, and define a multifaceted set of increasingly complex terms, concepts, and practices that characterize the spectrum of digital reading experiences. Research that informs this heuristic is used to illustrate how more precision in defining digital reading can promote greater clarity across research methods and advance a more systematic study of promising digital reading practices. Finally, the author discusses implications for assessment, research, practice, and policy

Mouse Chromosome 11

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46996/1/335_2004_Article_BF00648429.pd

Rationale for the recommendations for harmonizing current methodology for detecting BCR-ABL transcripts in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia

Molecular monitoring for patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) has become an important practice in the era of imatinib therapy. For successful widespread introduction into the mainstream patient monitoring schedule, many procedural aspects of the complex real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) technique for measuring BCR-ABL transcripts require optimization. Recommendations for harmonizing the differing methodologies have recently been proposed. These recommendations were designed to maximize reliability of analysis for clinical decision making and proposed the adoption of an International Scale of measurement. The purpose of this review is to present the evidence and supporting data for specific recommendations. These recommendations include use of the same source of cells, either blood or marrow, for analysis; for validation of equal PCR amplification efficiencies of cDNA and standards when using a plasmid to construct standard curves and for ensuring ongoing high-level performance by undertaking a quality assurance programme. Clinicians must know the measurement reliability of an RQ-PCR assay to be able to determine the significance of a change in BCR-ABL level. An assay with poor precision limits the clinical usefulness of results. International harmonization should establish RQ-PCR measurement of BCR-ABL as the best method for monitoring treatment response for patients with CML