State of renal hemodynamics and nephrofibrosis parameters in patients with nephrolithiasis applying angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors

The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors of quinapril on the condition of renal hemodynamics, changes of profibrotic cytokines level and transforming growth factor at patients with nephrolithiasis undergone various kinds of surgery. Patients were divided into 2 groups initially and in 1 month after surgery. Concentrations of IL-6, TGFp and МСР-1 were determined in blood serum. Assessment of renal blood flow state by Doppler ultrasonography was performed in the same terms. As a result of quinapril treatment the decrease of МСР-1, TGFp and IL-6 was marked in comparison with the group which did not receive nephroprotective therapy. The analysis of Doppler ultrasonography data showed authentic improvement of renal blood flow in 1 month after surgery. The most informative parameter proved to be the resistance index that indicated the decrease of vascular resistance after surgical treatment in condition of quinapril therap

Genome-wide association study of more than 40,000 bipolar disorder cases provides new insights into the underlying biology

Bipolar disorder is a heritable mental illness with complex etiology. We performed a genome-wide association study of 41,917 bipolar disorder cases and 371,549 controls of European ancestry, which identified 64 associated genomic loci. Bipolar disorder risk alleles were enriched in genes in synaptic signaling pathways and brain-expressed genes, particularly those with high specificity of expression in neurons of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Significant signal enrichment was found in genes encoding targets of antipsychotics, calcium channel blockers, antiepileptics and anesthetics. Integrating expression quantitative trait locus data implicated 15 genes robustly linked to bipolar disorder via gene expression, encoding druggable targets such as HTR6, MCHR1, DCLK3 and FURIN. Analyses of bipolar disorder subtypes indicated high but imperfect genetic correlation between bipolar disorder type I and II and identified additional associated loci. Together, these results advance our understanding of the biological etiology of bipolar disorder, identify novel therapeutic leads and prioritize genes for functional follow-up studies. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc