Сase-technologies in practice-oriented training of future teachers of preschool and primary general education

The article deals with the problem of convergence of fundamental pedagogical education in higher education and real pedagogical practice in preschool organizations and primary schools for the formation of children’s cognitive activity. The article presents the experience of testing pedagogical conditions for the use of case technologies in preparing future teachers for the process of forming prerequisites for cognitive activity in preschool age and cognitive universal educational actions in primary school age

Весовые и линейные показатели роста и развития эмбрионов кур с конститутивной экспрессией маркерного гена eGFP

We study the effect of integrated recombinant genes expression on the growth and development of transgenic chick embryos. The research was carried out on Rhode Island Red chick embryos at the premises of the L.K. Ernst All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Husbandry in 2018. It was formed two test groups of transgenic embryos with constitutive expression of eGFP gene: I - under the control of RSV promoter (Rous sarcoma virus); II -under the control of hybrid CAG promoter. Embryos from non-transgenic chickens served as a control. Estimation of embryos according to the weighed and linear indices was carried out on the 7th, 10th, 14th and 18th days of incubation. In each case, 20 embryos were examined. Pathological abnormalities and impairments in the development of both transgenic and non-transgenic chick embryos were not revealed. In embryos obtained from transgenic chickens, compared with the control ones, there was a reliable decrease in both the total weight and the weight of separate organs. The differences between the experimental and control groups for these indicators were the most significant in the second half of incubation. On the 14th and 18th days of incubation, they had a significantly shorter body length by 7% (56 ± 2 mm) and 6% (84 ± 2 mm); the body weight was lower by 21% (7.02 ± 0.62 g) and 16% (18.25 ± 0.96 g), respectively. On the 18th day, a significant decrease in heart weight by 10% (0.155 ± 0.010 g) and liver weight by 15% (0.493 ± 0.032 g) was revealed in comparison with the control. According to the length of a head, legs and wings, as well as the weight of a stomach, significant differences between the experimental and control groups were not established. The data obtained indicate the negative effect of the integrated recombinant genes on the growth and development of chick embryos.Изучали влияние экспрессии интегрированных рекомбинантных генов на рост и развитие трансгенных эмбрионов кур. Работу проводили на базе Всероссийского института животноводства им. Л. К. Эрнста в 2018 г. на эмбрионах кур породы Род-Айленд. Сформировали 2 опытные группы трансгенных эмбрионов с конститутивной экспрессией гена eGFP: I - под контролем промотора RSV (вирус саркомы Рауса), II - под контролем промотора CAG (гибридный промотор). В качестве контроля использовали эмбрионы от нетрансгенных кур. Оценку по линейным и весовым показателям проводили на 7, 10, 14 и 18 дни инкубации. В каждом случае исследовали по 20 эмбрионов. Патологических отклонений и нарушений в развитии как трансгенных, так и нетрансгенных эмбрионов не выявили. У эмбрионов от трансгенных кур, по сравнению с контролем, наблюдали достоверное уменьшение массы тела и отдельных органов. Эти различия были наиболее значительны во второй половине инкубации у трансгенных эмбрионов I группы. На 14 и 18 дни инкубации у них отмечали достоверно меньшую длину тела на 7 % (56±2 мм) и 6 % (84±2 мм), снижение массы тела - на 21 % (7,02±0,62 г) и 16 % (18,25± 0,96 г) соответственно, на 18 день - существенное снижение массы сердца на 10 % (0,155±0,010 г) и печени - на 15 % (0,493±0,032 г), по сравнению с контролем. По длине головы, ног и крыльев, а также массе желудка достоверных различий между опытными и контрольной группами не установлено. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о негативном влиянии интегрированных рекомбинантных генов на рост и развитие эмбрионов кур

Analysis of Multiple Drug Resistance Mechanism in Different Types of Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Assessment of the Expression of ABC-Transporters, MVP, YB-1, and Analysis of Their Correlation with Chemosensitivity of Cancer Cells

Chemotherapy of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) is restricted by low chemosensitivity and multiple drug resistance (MDR). The purpose of our study was the analysis of MDR mechanism in different types of STS. We assessed the expression of ABC-transporters, MVP, YB-1, and analyzed their correlation with chemosensitivity of cancer cells. STS specimens were obtained from 70 patients without metastatic disease (2018–2020). Expression level of MDR-associated genes was estimated by qRT-PCR and cytofluorimetry. Mutations in ABC-transporter genes were captured by exome sequencing. Chemosensitivity (SI) of STS to doxorubicin (Dox), ifosfamide (Ifo), gemcitabine (Gem), and docetaxel (Doc) was analyzed in vitro. We found strong correlation in ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2 expression. We demonstrated strong negative correlations in ABCB1 and ABCG2 expression with SI (Doc) and SI (Doc + Gem), and positive correlation of MVP expression with SI (Doc) and SI (Doc + Gem) in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. Pgp expression was shown in 5 out of 44 STS samples with prevalence of synovial sarcoma relapses and it is strongly correlated with SI (Gem). Mutations in MDR-associated genes were rarely found. Overall, STS demonstrated high heterogeneity in chemosensitivity that makes reasonable in vitro chemosensitivity testing to improve personalized STS therapy, and classic ABC-transporters are not obviously involved in MDR appearance. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study: Association of Genetic Alterations in the Apoptosis Pathways with Chemoresistance to Doxorubicin

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are heterogeneous cancers with more than 100 histological subtypes, different in molecular alterations, which make its personalized therapy very complex. Gold standard of chemotherapy for advanced STS includes combinations of Doxorubicin and Ifosfamide or Gemcitabine and Docetaxel. Chemotherapy is efficient for less than 50% of patients and it is followed by a fast development of drug resistance. Our study was directed to the search of genetic alterations in cancer cells associated with chemoresistance of undifferentiated pleomorphic and synovial sarcomas to the abovementioned genotoxic drugs. We analyzed chemoresistance of cancer cells in vitro using primary STS cultures and performed genetic analysis for the components of apoptotic signaling. In 27% of tumors, we revealed alterations in TP53, ATM, PIK3CB, PIK3R1, NTRK1, and CSF2RB. Cells from STS specimens with found genetic alterations were resistant to Dox, excluding the only one case when TP53 mutation resulted in the substitution Leu344Arg associated with partial oligomerization loss and did not cause total loss of TP53 function. Significant association between alterations in the components of apoptosis signaling and chemoresistance to Dox was found. Our data are important to elaborate further the therapeutic strategy for STS patients with alterations in apoptotic signaling. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland