Automation of the single-track study for L-PBF additive manufacturing processes (for AlSi10Mg powder)

When using a new powder material in each individual selective laser melting unit, the process engineer has to conduct process development works (PDW) to find the optimal combination of process parameters. The results of the PDW are analysed manually by the process engineer without the use of process decision support tools. Due to the expanding technological capabilities of the equipment and the available range of material properties, the possible set of parameters is also expanding, complicating the already non-trivial process of searching for printing process parameters. In order to reduce the PDW time, in this paper we proposed a rapid analysis tool to select individual experimental results with single welded tracks of AlSi10Mg powder. The process of conducting the experiment on domestic equipment was reviewed and the efficiency of the automation tool was investigated in comparison with the traditional manual selection approach. It is concluded that it is possible to apply the developed tool for materials and installations of additive manufacturing not considered in the study

Predictive Modelling of Surface Roughness in Layered Manufacturing Using H15N5D4B and KH28M6

Layered manufacturing (LM) technology has the capability to fabricate 3D physical models efficiently, overcoming the limitations of geometric complexities. However, the surface quality of LM-processed parts often falls short compared to parts made through traditional numerically controlled manufacturing technology. This issue of surface roughness has become a significant concern, despite the numerous potential advantages offered by LM. To address this, an elaborate methodology is proposed to predict the surface roughness of LM-processed parts. The proposed methodology takes into account both theoretical and real-world characteristics of surface roughness distributions to accurately reflect the actual roughness distributions in the predictions. This methodology was tested and used to evaluate properties of the H15N5D4B and KH28M6 materials. To achieve this, a design of the testing sample was developed, and a roughness distribution expression was introduced, utilizing measured roughness data from the aforementioned sample. This expression allows engineers to obtain surface roughness values for all surface angles, i.e., desired 3D models. The methodology also includes a prediction application, which demonstrates the validity and effectiveness of the proposed approach through several application examples

СОСТОЯНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ ГЕМОСТАЗА У ШАХТЁРОВ ПРИ КРИТИЧЕСКИХ СОСТОЯНИЯХ, ОБУСЛОВЛЕННЫХ ЧЕРЕПНО-МОЗГОВОЙ ТРАВМОЙ

The hemostatic system was studied in 36 miners (Group 1) who were in the critical condition after severe brain injury (SBI). Group 2 comprised 21 working miners. In both groups, the length of underground service was more than 10 years. The studies indicated that the miners working under underground conditions had moderate hemostatic changes manifesting as endothelial lesions, platelet dysfunction, and coagulatory and kallikrein-dependent fibrinolytic disorders. These impairments promoted the development of the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome in the miners with SBI-induced critical condition.Исследование системы гемостаза проведено у 36 шахтёров (1-я группа), которые в результате тяжёлой черепно-мозговой травмы (ТЧМТ) находились в критическом состоянии. 2-ю группу составил 21 работающий шахтёр. В обеих группах стаж подземной работы превышал 10 лет и более. Исследования показали, что у шахтёров, работающих под землей, имеют место умеренные изменения в системе гемостаза, проявляющиеся повреждением эндотелия, дисфункцией тромбоцитов, а также нарушением свёртывания и калликреин-зависимого фибринолиза. Эти нарушения способствовали развитию ДВС-синдрома у шахтёров в критическом состоянии, обусловленном ТЧМТ

Сывороточные маркеры апоптоза при травматическом и ишемическом повреждении головного мозга

Objective: to study the time course of changes and relationship of the serum indicators of apoptotic processes in neurore-suscitation patients. Subjects and methods. Thirty-eight neuroresuscitation patients, including 14 patients with severe brain injury (SBI) (mean age 41.4±4.3 years) and 24 patients with strokes (mean age 53.8±2.5 years), were examined. The group of patients with strokes was divided into 2 subroups: 1) 11 patients with ischemic strokes (IS) and 2) 13 with hemorrhagic strokes (HS). The Glasgow coma scores for admission consciousness loss were 7.6±0.8 in the SBI group and 9.5±0.7 in the stroke group; mortality was 28.6 and 37.5%, respectively. A control group included 16 subjects (mean age 47.9±3.8 years). The investigators measured the serum levels of FAS antigen and its ligand (sAPO-I/FAS and sFAS-L), cas-pase-1/ICE, sCD40 (Bender MedSystem, Austria) and hTRAIL (Biosource, Belgium) by solid-phase immunoassay in neuroresuscitation patients on days 1, 7, and 14 of the acute period of diseases. They used statistical methods, such as Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test, Spearman’s rank correlation test. Results. A reduction in hTRAIL was observed in all the groups. There was a decrease in serum sCD40 in strokes on days 1 to 14 and in SBI on days 7 to 14. An increase in caspase 1/ICE was seen in HS in the first 24 hours, in IS on days 1 to 7, and in SBI on days 1 to 14. The most pronounced rise in caspase-1/ICE was induced by ischemic brain lesion within the first week of disease. A prolonged increase up to 2 weeks was noted in SBI. No rise in serum FAS-L was found in the examinees. The time course of changes in sAPO-I/FAS was different in all the groups. The most marked, moderate, and none reductions were revealed in HS, IS, and SBI, respectively. There was a pronounced serum sAPO-I/FAS increase in SBI within the first 24 hours. Assessment of correlations between the serum indicators of apoptosis revealed that there were differences in the association between the indices under study in all the patient groups and in the control group. Conclusion. There are general features and differences in the time course of changes in serum apoptotic markers and their association in the acute period of SBI, IS, and HS. Key words: severe brain injury, stroke, apoptosis, APO-I/FAS, FAS-L, caspase-1/ICE, CD40, hTRAIL.Цель исследования : изучить динамику и взаимосвязь сывороточных показателей апоптотических процессов у нейро-реанимационных больных. Материал и методы. Обследовано 38 нейрореанимационных больных, 14 больных с тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмой (ТЧМТ), средний возраст 41,4±4,3 лет и 24 больных инсультами, средний возраст 53,8±2,5 года. Группа больных с инсультами была разделена на 2 подгруппы: с ишемическими — 11 человек (группа ИИ), и геморрагическими инсультами — 13 пациентов (группа ГИ). При поступлении степень утраты сознания по шкале ком Глазго в группе ТЧМТ составила 7,6±0,8 баллов, в группе с инсультами — 9,5±0,7 баллов, летальность — 28,6 и 37,5%, соответственно. Контрольную группу (КГ) составили 16 человек, средний возраст — 47,9±3,8 лет. На 1, 7, 14-е сутки острого периода заболеваний нейрореанимационным больным определяли уровни сывороточных FAS антигена и его лиганда (sAPO-I/FAS и sFAS-L), caspase-1/ICE, sCD40 (тест-системы «Bender MedSystem», Австрия) и hTRAIL (тест-система «Biosource», Бельгия) твердофазным иммуноферментным методом. Использованы статистические методы: U-критерий Вилкоксона-Манна-Уитни, коэффициент корреляции Спирмана. Результаты. Во всех группах наблюдалось снижение hTRAIL. При инсультах с 1-х по 14-е сутки, а при ТЧМТ — с 7-х по 14-е сутки отмечается снижение сывороточного sCD40. Повышение caspase-1/ICE отмечалось при ГИ в 1-е сутки, ИИ с 1-х по 7-е сутки и при ТЧМТ с 1-х по 14-е сутки. Наиболее выраженное повышение caspase-1/ICE в 1-ю неделю заболевания индуцировалось ишемическим повреждением головного мозга. Пролонгированное повышение до 2-х недель отмечено при ТЧМТ. Не выявлено повышения FAS-L в сыворотке крови у обследованных больных. Динамика sAPO-I/FAS различалась во всех группах. Наиболее выраженное снижение выявлено при ГИ, умеренное — при ИИ и отсутствовало при ТЧМТ. При ТЧМТ в 1-е сутки отмечено выраженное увеличение sAPO-I/FAS в сыворотке крови. При оценке взаимосвязей между сывороточными показателями апоптоза выявлены различия в сопряженности между изученными показателями во всех группах больных и в контрольной группе. Заключение. Выявлены общие черты и различия в динамике сывороточных апоптотических маркеров и их сопряженности в остром периоде тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы, ишемического и геморрагического инсультов. Ключевые слова: тяжёлая черепно-мозговая травма, инсульт, апоптоз, APO-I/FAS, FAS-L, caspase-1/ICE, CD40, hTRAIL

STATUS OF ITEP DECABORANE ION SOURCE PROGRAM.

The joint research and development program is continued to develop steady-state ion source of decaborane beam for ion implantation industry. Both Freeman and Bemas ion sources for decaborane ion beam generation were investigated. Decaborane negative ion beam as well as positive ion beam were generated and delivered to the output of mass separator. Experimental results obtained in ITEP are presented