Determination of the Modes and the Conditions of Ultrasonic Spraying Providing Specified Productivity and Dispersed Characteristics of the Aerosol

For the spraying of liquids and the coating process at high-tech productions the method of ultrasonic spraying in a layer having a number of advantages such as low energy capacity, high productivity, fine-dispersity of obtained aerosol and the absence of spraying agent, is used. However the main problem of ultrasonic spraying application is the absence of the reliable dependences of spraying characteristics (drop diameter and spraying productivity) on the liquid properties (viscosity, surface tension), modes (frequency and vibration amplitude of spraying surface) and conditions (the thickness of liquid layer) of the ultrasonic action. In order to determine these dependences it is proposed the model based on cavitation and wave theory of the drop formation, which allows obtain for the first time theoretical ground of the existence of optimum thickness layer, at which free surface of liquid is acted upon by maximum energy providing drop detachment. The model analysis lets show advisability of the application of vibration frequency of more than 100 kHz for the drop generation with the size of 10 μm and less with the productivity of no less than 0.2 ml/s. Obtained results are proved by the experimental studies, which allow their use for the formulation of the technical requirements to the ultrasonic sprayers at the realization of different technological processes

Vaccinoprophylaxis of Hepatitis B N.A

The review summarizes the WHO materials and recommendations the latest editions of the official guidelines of the Ministries of Health Australia, Canada, Great Britain, Germany, Russia, USA, through the vaccination of viral hepatitis B. Special attention is paid to the immunization of persons belonging to the group of increased risk of the infection, the implementation of which is not fully defined in relation to native normative documents: the immunocompromise, hemodialyse, diabetic patients and healthscare personel

Efficiency Increase of Wet Gas Cleaning from Dispersed Admixtures by the Application of Ultrasonic Fields

The article presents the results of research aimed at increase of the efficiency of gas cleaning equipment based on the Venturi tube using high-intensity ultrasound. The model based on known laws of hydrodynamics of multiphase mediums of dust-extraction in Venturi scrubbers was proposed. Modification of this model taking into account ultrasonic field allows evaluating optimum modes (sound pressure level) and conditions (direction of ultrasonic field, square and number of ultrasonic sources) of ultrasonic influence. It is evaluated that optimum for efficient gas cleaning is the mode of ultrasonic action at the frequency of 22 kHz with sound pressure level of 145…155 dB at the installation of two radiators with area of 0.14 m2, four radiators with area of 0.11 m2 or six radiators with area of 0.08 m2 at the angle of 45 degrees to the axis of Venturi tube. Numerical calculations showed that realization of ultrasonic action is the most efficient for the reduction (up to 15 times) of the content of fine-dispersed fraction (2 µm and less), which is impossible to extract without ultrasonic action. The received theoretical results were confirmed by industrial testing by typical dust-extraction plant and used as foundations of development of apparatuses with the radiators of various sizes

Efficiency Increase of Wet Gas Cleaning from Dispersed Admixtures by the Application of Ultrasonic Fields

The article presents the results of research aimed at increase of the efficiency of gas cleaning equipment based on the Venturi tube using high-intensity ultrasound. The model based on known laws of hydrodynamics of multiphase mediums of dust-extraction in Venturi scrubbers was proposed. Modification of this model taking into account ultrasonic field allows evaluating optimum modes (sound pressure level) and conditions (direction of ultrasonic field, square and number of ultrasonic sources) of ultrasonic influence. It is evaluated that optimum for efficient gas cleaning is the mode of ultrasonic action at the frequency of 22 kHz with sound pressure level of 145…155 dB at the installation of two radiators with area of 0.14 m2, four radiators with area of 0.11 m2 or six radiators with area of 0.08 m2 at the angle of 45 degrees to the axis of Venturi tube. Numerical calculations showed that realization of ultrasonic action is the most efficient for the reduction (up to 15 times) of the content of fine-dispersed fraction (2 µm and less), which is impossible to extract without ultrasonic action. The received theoretical results were confirmed by industrial testing by typical dust-extraction plant and used as foundations of development of apparatuses with the radiators of various sizes

Cell cultures in replacement therapy

Cell replacement therapy is one of the top priority areas of modern medicine, which is aimed at restoring the structure and functions of damaged tissues by transplanting cells grown in vitro . The article summarizes data obtained in several studies of diploid cell lines (allogeneic fibroblasts) used as replacement therapy in various therapeutic areas as part of application of medical technology innovations. The article describes benefits of using fibroblasts and the routes of cell culture administration. At present the use of medicinal products containing viable human cells (biomedical cell products) is regulated by Federal Law 180-FZ «On biomedical cell products» of 23 June 2016. Cell cultures used in the production of biomedical cell products should be morphologically homogeneous populations of cells derived from a specific tissue and should have a limited life span, a stable karyotype (at least 75 % of cells should have a double set of chromosomes), should not be associated with cancer risks, be free from extraneous agents, have low levels of histocompatibility antigens expression. According to 180-FZ, all characteristics of a cell line supporting the quality of a biomedical cell product should be reflected in the biomedical cell product specification. Before the adoption of 180-FZ only certified cell cultures could be clinically used. The therapeutic potential of fibroblasts related to optimization of reparative processes, improvement of regenerative and adaptive capabilities, as well as the accumulated experience of their clinical use are stirring interest to the development of fibroblast-based biomedical cell products and their use as replacement therapy. However, it should be pointed out that according to 180-FZ biomedical cell products may not be produced using «biological material obtained by interrupting or jeopardising an embryo/fetus development process»

Multifrequency Ultrasonic Transducer with Stepped-Plate Disk

Abstract -In article are suggest multifrequency ultrasonic transducer with stepped-plate disk. This device is mean for coagulation aerosols with 0.4 µm particle size. Also present method of engineering calculation stepped-plate radiator

Mycoplasma - contamination of cell cultures

The safety of biological products derived from animal cells is associated with the properties of the cells themselves or their components, as well as with the possible presence of contaminants of microbial and viral origin. The suitability of cell substrate for production of prophylactic preparations is often determined by the features of the production process, which allows to benefit/risk ratio of the product. One of the common contaminants of cell substrates are mycoplasmas, type Mollicutes. As distinguished from other microorganisms they don’t have cell membranes, and parasitize a wide range of animals and plants, on the surface or inside the cells. Some mycoplasma species of are potentially pathogenic to humans, they compete for nutrients with cells in vitro , cause chromosomal aberrations, interfere with normal cell metabolism. The detection of mycoplasma contamination in cell substrates when manufacturing prophylactic preparations is required by regulatory documents

Культуры клеток в заместительной терапии

Cell replacement therapy is one of the top priority areas of modern medicine, which is aimed at restoring the structure and functions of damaged tissues by transplanting cells grown in vitro . The article summarizes data obtained in several studies of diploid cell lines (allogeneic fibroblasts) used as replacement therapy in various therapeutic areas as part of application of medical technology innovations. The article describes benefits of using fibroblasts and the routes of cell culture administration. At present the use of medicinal products containing viable human cells (biomedical cell products) is regulated by Federal Law 180-FZ «On biomedical cell products» of 23 June 2016. Cell cultures used in the production of biomedical cell products should be morphologically homogeneous populations of cells derived from a specific tissue and should have a limited life span, a stable karyotype (at least 75 % of cells should have a double set of chromosomes), should not be associated with cancer risks, be free from extraneous agents, have low levels of histocompatibility antigens expression. According to 180-FZ, all characteristics of a cell line supporting the quality of a biomedical cell product should be reflected in the biomedical cell product specification. Before the adoption of 180-FZ only certified cell cultures could be clinically used. The therapeutic potential of fibroblasts related to optimization of reparative processes, improvement of regenerative and adaptive capabilities, as well as the accumulated experience of their clinical use are stirring interest to the development of fibroblast-based biomedical cell products and their use as replacement therapy. However, it should be pointed out that according to 180-FZ biomedical cell products may not be produced using «biological material obtained by interrupting or jeopardising an embryo/fetus development process».Клеточная заместительная терапия - одно из приоритетных направлений современной медицины, цель которого состоит в восстановлении структуры и функций поврежденных тканей путем трансплантации клеток, выращенных в условиях in vitro. В статье отражены обобщенные данные исследований по практическому применению диплоидных клеточных линий (аллогенных фибробластов) в заместительной терапии в различных областях медицины в рамках применения новых медицинских технологий. Описаны преимущества применения фибробластов и способы введения клеточной культуры в организм человека. В настоящее время применение медицинских средств, содержащих жизнеспособные клетки человека - биомедицинских клеточных продуктов, регулируется 180-ФЗ от 23.06.2016 г. «О биомедицинских клеточных продуктах». Клеточные культуры, входящие в состав БМКП, должны представлять собой морфологически однородную популяцию клеток определенного тканевого происхождения с ограниченным сроком жизни, стабильным кариотипом (не менее 75 % клеток должны иметь двойной набор хромосом), быть онкогенно безопасными, свободными от присутствия посторонних агентов, иметь низкую экспрессию антигенов гистосовместимости. В соответствие с 180-ФЗ, все характеристики клеточной линии, входящей в состав БМКП, подтверждающие качество, должны быть отражены в спецификации на БМКП. До принятия 180-ФЗ необходимым условием при использовании клеточных культур в клинической практике являлось наличие паспорта. Терапевтический потенциал фибробластов, связанный с оптимизацией течения репаративных процессов, повышением регенеративных и адаптивных возможностей организма, а также накопленный опыт их клинического применения в рамках медицинских технологий, обуславливает интерес к разработке БМКП на основе фибробластов и их применению в заместительной терапии. Однако, следует отметить, что в составе БМКП согласно 180-ФЗ не может быть использован «биологический материал, полученный путем прерывания процесса развития эмбриона или плода человека или нарушения такого процесса»

Микоплазмы - контаминанты клеточных культур

The safety of biological products derived from animal cells is associated with the properties of the cells themselves or their components, as well as with the possible presence of contaminants of microbial and viral origin. The suitability of cell substrate for production of prophylactic preparations is often determined by the features of the production process, which allows to benefit/risk ratio of the product. One of the common contaminants of cell substrates are mycoplasmas, type Mollicutes. As distinguished from other microorganisms they don’t have cell membranes, and parasitize a wide range of animals and plants, on the surface or inside the cells. Some mycoplasma species of are potentially pathogenic to humans, they compete for nutrients with cells in vitro , cause chromosomal aberrations, interfere with normal cell metabolism. The detection of mycoplasma contamination in cell substrates when manufacturing prophylactic preparations is required by regulatory documents.Безопасность биопродуктов, получаемых из клеток животных, связана со свойствами самих клеток или их компонентов, а также с возможным присутствием в них контаминантов микробного и вирусного происхождения. Пригодность клеточного субстрата для производства профилактических препаратов нередко определяется совершенством производственного процесса, который позволяет обеспечивать пользу/риск получаемого продукта. Одним из распространенных контаминантов клеточных субстратов являются микоплазмы, относящиеся к классу Mollicutes. Они отличаются от других микроорганизмов отсутствием клеточной мембраны, паразитированием на различных видах животных и растений, на поверхности или внутри клеток. Некоторые виды микоплазм потенциально патогенны для человека, in vitro конкурируют с клетками за питательные вещества, вызывают хромосомные аберрации, препятствуют нормальному метаболизму клеток. Выявление микоплазменной контаминации клеточных субстратов при производстве профилактических препаратов определяется требованиями нормативных документов