АНДРОГЕНОВЫЕ РЕЦЕПТОРЫ КАК ФАКТОР ПРОГНОЗА В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПОДТИПАХ РАКА МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ

In the literature there has been increased interest in the study of androgenetic receptors (AR) in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer (BC) but we haven’t found consensus about the role of levels of androgens and their metabolites in samples of biological fluids for the development of breast cancer. Determination of the level of androgenetic receptors in the tumor in patients with breast cancer is very relevant and promising direction in the study of the prognosis of the disease and the search for new complementary approaches to endocrine therapy of breast cancer, especially when basal-like molecular subtype.В литературе отмечается повышенный интерес к изучению андрогеновых рецепторов (АР) при различных молекулярных подтипах рака молочной железы (РМЖ), но мы не нашли единого мнения о влиянии уровня андрогенов и их метаболитов в образцах биологических жидкостей на развитие РМЖ. Определение уровня андрогеновых рецепторов в опухоли у пациенток с раком молочной железы является весьма актуальным и перспективным направлением в изучении прогноза заболевания и поиска новых дополнительных подходов к эндокринной терапии РМЖ, особенно при базальноподобном молекулярном подтипе.

The photometric and spectral investigation of CI Camelopardalis, an X-ray transient and B[e] star

We combined the results of UBVR photometry of CI Cam taken at Sternberg Astronomical Institute in 1998--2001, and moderate resolution spectroscopy taken at Special Astrophysical Observatory during the same time period. Photometry as well as fluxes of Balmer emissions and of some Fe II emission lines of CI Cam in quiet state reveal a cyclic variation with the period of $1100\pm50^d$. The variation like this may be due to an orbital motion in a wide pair with a giant star companion that exhibits the reflection effect on its side faced to a compact companion. The V-band photometry also confirms the pre-outburst 11.7 day period found by Miroshnichenko earlier, but with a lower amplitude of 3 per cent. The possibility of identity of this photometric period with the period of jet's rotation in the VLA radio map of the object CI Cam was investigated. The radio map modelling reveals the inclination of the jet rotation axis to the line of sight, $i = 35-40^o$, the angle between the rotation axis and the direction of ejection of the jet, $\theta = 7-10^o$, and jet's spatial velocity of 0.23--0.26c. Equivalent widths and fluxes of various spectral lines show different amplitudes of changes during the outburst, and essentially distinct behaviour in quiescence. Five types of such behaviour were revealed, that indicates the strong stratification of a gas and dust envelope round the system . The time lag of strengthening of 50--250$^d$ in the forbidden line of nitrogen [N II] was found relatively to the X-ray outburst maximum.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, Astron. Zh., 2002, (in press), vol.79, number

Лучевые методы в диагностике и стадировании рака желудка

Purpose. To assess the possibilities of methods of radiation diagnosis in the recognition and staging of gastric cancer.Material and methods. The results of inspection of 307 patients with cancer of a stomach at which endoscopic, radiological and computer tomography researches on purpose, both primary diagnosis of gastric cancer, and establishment of a staging of process have been executed have been analyzed from 2014 to 2017.Results. At a radiological research proximal cancer of a stomach is revealed at 63 (20,5%) patients, a body – at 202 (65.8%) and distally – at 42 (13.7%) patients. In all cases we managed to diagnose precisely stomach cancer, its localization and distribution on stomach walls. MSCT allowed to determine the spread of the tumor beyond the organ. Results of comprehensive examination of patients with cancer of a stomach have allowed to stage the process. The first stage has been established at 40 (13.0%) patients, second – at the 117 (38.2%), third – at the 102 (33.2%), fourth – at 48 (15.6%). Of the 307 patients with gastric cancer, various types of interventions were subsequently performed in 254 (83%), chemotherapy, as an independent type of treatment was performed in 49 (16%), refused any treatment of 4 (1%) patients.Conclusion. Complex radiation diagnosis is highly informative for the detection and staging of stomach cancer.Цель исследования: оценить возможности лучевой диагностики в распознавании и стадировании рака желудка.Материал и методы. Проанализированы результаты обследования 307 больных раком желудка, у которых были выполнены эндоскопические, рентгенологические и компьютерно-томографические исследования с целью как первичной диагностики рака желудка, так и установления стадии процесса, пролеченных за период с 2014 по 2017 г.Результаты. При рентгенологическом исследовании проксимальный рак желудка выявлен у 63 (20,5%) больных, тела – у 202 (65,8%) и дистальный – у 42 (13,7%) больных. Во всех случаях нам удалось точно диагностировать рак желудка, установить его локализацию и распространение по стенкам желудка. МСКТ позволила определить распространение опухоли за пределы органа. В результате комплексного лучевого обследования больных раком желудка удалось установить стадию процесса. I стадия была выявлена у 40 (13,0%) больных, II – у 117 (38,2%), III – у 102 (33,2%), IV – у 48 (15,6%). Из 307 больных раком желудка в последующем были выполнены различные виды хирургических вмешательств у 254 (83%), химиотерапия, как самостоятельный вид лечения выполнялась у 49 (16%), отказались от какого-либо лечения, 4 (1%) больных.Заключение. Комплексная лучевая диагностика высокоинформативна для выявления и стадирования рака желудка

Heterogeneous treatment effects of therapeutic-dose heparin in patients hospitalized for COVID-19

Importance Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of therapeutic-dose heparin in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 produced conflicting results, possibly due to heterogeneity of treatment effect (HTE) across individuals. Better understanding of HTE could facilitate individualized clinical decision-making. Objective To evaluate HTE of therapeutic-dose heparin for patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and to compare approaches to assessing HTE. Design, Setting, and Participants Exploratory analysis of a multiplatform adaptive RCT of therapeutic-dose heparin vs usual care pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis in 3320 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 enrolled in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia between April 2020 and January 2021. Heterogeneity of treatment effect was assessed 3 ways: using (1) conventional subgroup analyses of baseline characteristics, (2) a multivariable outcome prediction model (risk-based approach), and (3) a multivariable causal forest model (effect-based approach). Analyses primarily used bayesian statistics, consistent with the original trial. Exposures Participants were randomized to therapeutic-dose heparin or usual care pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis. Main Outcomes and Measures Organ support–free days, assigning a value of −1 to those who died in the hospital and the number of days free of cardiovascular or respiratory organ support up to day 21 for those who survived to hospital discharge; and hospital survival. Results Baseline demographic characteristics were similar between patients randomized to therapeutic-dose heparin or usual care (median age, 60 years; 38% female; 32% known non-White race; 45% Hispanic). In the overall multiplatform RCT population, therapeutic-dose heparin was not associated with an increase in organ support–free days (median value for the posterior distribution of the OR, 1.05; 95% credible interval, 0.91-1.22). In conventional subgroup analyses, the effect of therapeutic-dose heparin on organ support–free days differed between patients requiring organ support at baseline or not (median OR, 0.85 vs 1.30; posterior probability of difference in OR, 99.8%), between females and males (median OR, 0.87 vs 1.16; posterior probability of difference in OR, 96.4%), and between patients with lower body mass index (BMI 90% for all comparisons). In risk-based analysis, patients at lowest risk of poor outcome had the highest propensity for benefit from heparin (lowest risk decile: posterior probability of OR >1, 92%) while those at highest risk were most likely to be harmed (highest risk decile: posterior probability of OR <1, 87%). In effect-based analysis, a subset of patients identified at high risk of harm (P = .05 for difference in treatment effect) tended to have high BMI and were more likely to require organ support at baseline. Conclusions and Relevance Among patients hospitalized for COVID-19, the effect of therapeutic-dose heparin was heterogeneous. In all 3 approaches to assessing HTE, heparin was more likely to be beneficial in those who were less severely ill at presentation or had lower BMI and more likely to be harmful in sicker patients and those with higher BMI. The findings illustrate the importance of considering HTE in the design and analysis of RCTs. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT02735707, NCT04505774, NCT04359277, NCT0437258

Peculiarities of Coping and Mechanisms of Psychological Defense in Persons with Alcohol Dependence

The article is devoted to the study of the features of the defensive-coping behavior of alcohol dependent personality in the context of the necessity to optimize addiction therapy methods. An analysis of the range of coping strategies and mechanisms of psychological defense in alcoholism was conducted. The study involved 120 men and women between the ages of 30 and 60; 62 of them are patients with alcohol dependence, registered with the narcological clinic, and 58 people who do not have alcohol dependence. The following psychodiagnostic methods were used: “Strategic Approach to Coping Scale - SACS” (S. Hofball), “Life Style Index - LSI” (R. Plutchik, H. Kellerman & H.R. Conte). In the course of the analysis, it was found that behavioral pattern “aggressive actions” is expressed at a higher level in individuals with alcohol dependence. The leading coping strategies for both dependent respondents and the control sample are “seeking social support”, “cautious actions”, “coming into contact”. When assessing the gender characteristics of coping behavior, it was revealed that alcohol-dependent women use coping “avoidance” and “impulsive actions” more often than alcohol-dependent men. The dominant mechanisms of psychological defense for both dependent respondents and the control sample are “projection”, “intellectualization” and “negation”. There are differences between the group of respondents with alcohol dependence and the control group in the degree of tension of the defense mechanisms “substitution” and “compensation”: higher rates are observed in patients with alcoholism. The mechanism of defense “intellectualization” is more often and more intensively manifested in alcohol-dependent men, “reactive formations” - in alcoholdependent women. Identified in the course of the empirical study, the features are considered as possible “targets” for the psychological correction of an alcohol-dependent personality, its way of responding and behavioral stereotypes under stress

Components of Elitizing Educational and Pedagogical Environment of Higher School

The need of creating an elitilizing educational and pedagogical environment of the university is substantiated in the paper. There are analyzed such equal ranking components as psycho-didactic, educational, spatially-material, social, psycho-physiological, cultural-aesthetic, creative activity-based, worldview components

ANDROGEN RECEPTORS AS A FACTOR OF PROGNOSIS IN VARIOUS MOLECULAR-BIOLOGICAL SUBTYPES OF BREAST CANCER

In the literature there has been increased interest in the study of androgenetic receptors (AR) in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer (BC) but we haven’t found consensus about the role of levels of androgens and their metabolites in samples of biological fluids for the development of breast cancer. Determination of the level of androgenetic receptors in the tumor in patients with breast cancer is very relevant and promising direction in the study of the prognosis of the disease and the search for new complementary approaches to endocrine therapy of breast cancer, especially when basal-like molecular subtype