Summary of the sequences produced for each pool of serum samples in the sequencing experiment.

<p>All read counts correspond to total values, and the paired-reads real counts are half the values shown in the table. PE: paired-end reads; SE: single-end reads.</p

Heatmap describing number of contigs identified in each pool after their characterization and classification into taxonomic groups.

<p>Rows correspond to pooled samples whilst columns to families mapped at least to one sample. Numbers within each cell represent the number of sequences that had at least a positive BLAST hit to into known species and passed all the selection criteria. The colours range from yellow to red (low to high abundance respectively); green means that sequences were not detected for that group.</p

Phylogenetic tree of <i>Hepeviridae</i> based on complete genomes, including the main members of genotype 3.

<p>Numbers in blank bullets correspond to contigs identified in the HEV and Ai+ImSP pools (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0185911#pone.0185911.t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>); they are located beside the reference sequence where specific individual alignments of sequenced fragments over the same region in the reference sequences generated an equivalent tree topology (further results available from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0185911#pone.0185911.s001" target="_blank">S1 Supporting Information</a>). Labels within the square brackets define the species subtype. Small numbers on the tree branches show the bootstrap score of those branches.</p

Identification of sapovirus GV.2, astrovirus VA3 and novel anelloviruses in serum from patients with acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology

<div><p>Hepatitis is a general term meaning inflammation of the liver, which can be caused by a variety of viruses. However, a substantial number of cases remain with unknown aetiology. We analysed the serum of patients with clinical signs of hepatitis using a metagenomics approach to characterize their viral species composition. Four pools of patients with hepatitis without identified aetiological agents were evaluated. Additionally, one pool of patients with hepatitis E (HEV) and pools of healthy volunteers were included as controls. A high diversity of anelloviruses, including novel sequences, was found in pools from patients with hepatitis of unknown aetiology. Moreover, viruses recently associated with gastroenteritis as sapovirus GV.2 and astrovirus VA3 were also detected only in those pools. Besides, most of the HEV genome was recovered from the HEV pool. Finally, GB virus C and human endogenous retrovirus were found in the HEV and healthy pools. Our study provides an overview of the virome in serum from hepatitis patients suggesting a potential role of these viruses not previously described in cases of hepatitis. However, further epidemiologic studies are necessary to confirm their contribution to the development of hepatitis.</p></div

Summary information for contigs longer than 1,500 bp that were found in the pooled samples and assigned to the <i>Anelloviridae</i> family.

<p>The number and letter codes from the first column (Code) correspond to those in the blank bullets shown on some of the branches of the phylogenetic tree from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0185911#pone.0185911.g003" target="_blank">Fig 3</a>. Those without codes were placed directly on the tree, as they defined new branches.</p

Summary of similarity searches for those detected from the HEV and Ai+ImSP pools.

<p>The first column corresponds to the numbers in the black bullets shown on some of the branches of the <i>Hepeviridae</i> phylogenetic tree from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0185911#pone.0185911.g002" target="_blank">Fig 2</a>.</p