Simulation of Leksell Gamma Knife-4C System with Different Phantoms Using PHITS and Geant4

This study used PHITS and Geant4 code packages to simulate a Leksell Gamma Knife system in order to determine radiation dose distribution in two types of phantoms. The results observed in the water phantom with configurations of single source and 201 sources are in good accord with the prior research, including both simulation and experiment. Several characteristics of Leksell Gamma Knife 4C, such as dose profiles, output factor, FWHM, and penumbra size, are calculated based on Monte Carlo simulations, which show the best consistency with other results. The output factors for collimators of 14 mm, 8 mm, and 4 mm are 0.984, 0.949, and 0.872, respectively. The simulation results with an adult mesh-type reference phantom reveal considerable similarities with the established radiosurgery plans. It indicates that the absorbed dose in brain tumors was highest when utilizing the 18 mm collimator and subsequently reduced with collimator size to 0.65, 0.25, and 0.5 with the 14 mm, 8 mm, and 4 mm collimators, respectively. The absorbed dose has a very low value for other essential organs and decreases with distance from the brain tumor. These findings may explain why the dose to organs decreases linearly as target distance, volume, and collimator size increase

Boost Integrated Three-Phase Solar Inverter using Current Unfolding and Active Damping Methods

© 2018 IEEJ Industry Application Society. This paper proposes a three-phase grid connected solar inverter with integrated boost function. The circuit operating principle is based on current unfolding and injection method, which is similar to that of a SWISS rectifier. This approach requires only two high frequency switches operating at only half voltage stress, thus leading to a significant reduction in switching losses. Other switches only operate at line frequency, and therefore can be optimized to reduce conduction losses. The proposed inverter therefore can deliver high efficiency. This paper discusses the basic operating principle as well as control method for the inverter. It is revealed that the output currents of the proposed inverter contains intrinsic oscillation due to current unfolding operation. In order to solve this problem, an active damping method is proposed to stabilize the operation. As a result, stable operation of the proposed method is confirmed by simulation. The feasibility of the proposed inverter is also confirmed using a mini laboratory prototype

Identifying QTLs Associated and Marker-Assisted Selection for Salinity Tolerance at the Seedling, Vegetative and Reproductive Stages in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)

Salinity affects rice growth in all growth stages, with the seedling and reproductive stages being the most sensitive. Genetically improving salt tolerance of rice is an important objective of rice breeding programs. Hence, mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) will be useful for marker-assisted selection in rice breeding programs. An advanced backcross population (BC2F2) was developed with the parents included OM5629 as a donor of salt tolerance and OM7347 as a recurrent parent with good quality traits and drought tolerance. Molecular markers associated with both qualitative and quantitative trait loci (QTL) salt tolerance were identified by using 416 polymorphic SSR markers. QTLs, associated with stress tolerance at EC = 15 dS/m at seedling stage, detected from the BC2F2 population of OM7347/OM5629, were located on chromosomes 1 and 3. Three QTLs were identified at the intervals of RM3252-S1-1 - RM10694, RM3740-RM5336 and RM11125-RM9 with genetic distance of 4.4, 4.5 and 18 cM on chromosome 1, respectively. Two QTLs at the intervals of RM3867-RM6959 and RM6876-RM4425 with genetic distance of 4.5 and 18.0 cM on chromosome 3, respectively. One QTL on chromosome 5 was detected at the interval of RM874 - RM10359, it was associated with salt stress tolerance under EC = 8dS/m at vegetative stage. Three QTLs at the regions of RM1324-RM2412, RM1185-RM24, and RM1282-RM2560 on chromosome 1, and one QTL of RM453-RM511 on chromosome 12, were related to salt tolerance under EC = 8dS/m at reproductive stage. Two tightly linked markers as RM3252-S1-1 and RM3867, were exhibited their effectiveness in identification of salt tolerance genotypes in BC3F6 population of OMCS2000/ Pokkali. The identification of new QTLs associated with salt tolerance will provide important information for the functional analysis of rice salinity stress

Size dependent line broadening in the emission spectra of single GaAs quantum dots: Impact of surface charges on spectral diffusion

Making use of droplet epitaxy, we systematically controlled the height of self-assembled GaAs quantum dots by more than one order of magnitude. The photoluminescence spectra of single quantum dots revealed the strong dependence of the spectral linewidth on the dot height. Tall dots with a height of ~30 nm showed broad spectral peaks with an average width as large as ~5 meV, but shallow dots with a height of ~2 nm showed resolution-limited spectral lines (<120 micro eV). The measured height dependence of the linewidths is in good agreement with Stark coefficients calculated for the experimental shape variation. We attribute the microscopic source of fluctuating electric fields to the random motion of surface charges at the vacuum-semiconductor interface. Our results offer guidelines for creating frequency-locked photon sources, which will serve as key devices for long-distance quantum key distribution.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures; updated figs and their description

Well-Rounded ideal lattices of cyclic cubic and quartic fields

In this paper, we find criteria for when cyclic cubic and cyclic quartic fields have well-rounded ideal lattices. We show that every cyclic cubic field has at least one well-rounded ideal. We also prove that there exist families of cyclic quartic fields which have well-rounded ideals and explicitly construct their minimal bases. In addition, for a given prime number $p$, if a cyclic quartic field has a unique prime ideal above $p$, then we provide the necessary and sufficient conditions for that ideal to be well-rounded. Moreover, in cyclic quartic fields, we provide the prime decomposition of all odd prime numbers and construct an explicit integral basis for every prime ideal.Comment: 26 page

Well-Rounded Twists of Ideal Lattices from Imaginary Quadratic Fields

In this paper, we investigate the properties of well-rounded twists of a given ideal lattice of an imaginary quadratic field $K$. We show that every ideal lattice $I$ of $K$ has at least one well-rounded twist lattice. Moreover, we provide an explicit algorithm to compute all well-rounded twists of $I$.Comment: 24 page

A Study on Knowledge Sharing in Vietnamese Organizations

Knowledge sharing is very much a sign for the atmosphere of social interactions in the organizations, it depends on the quality of the conversation, formally or informally. In other words, for more effective knowledge sharing, communication competence is required in order to have appropriate conversation. During the past decades, most theories of communication competence have been developed on the basis of “western” conceptualization. This empirical research is conducted in order to study the organizational communication competence in a non-western country, Vietnam, and the effect of such competence to the employees’ knowledge sharing behavior respectively. Base on the data collected from 11 organizations, the effects of three culture dimensions, namely individualism, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance to the communication competence were statistically analyzed; then, stemming from the certain level of communication competence, the behavior of organizational members towards knowledge sharing was explaine