Evaluation of Tribological Properties of Transesterified Cottonseed Oil by Adding Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) as an Additive

The usage of vegetable oils has increased in many applications as they possess desirable lubrication properties. However, the use is limited due to poor tribological properties. Many researchers have attempted to explore the performance of various vegetable oils and the effect of adding anti-wear additives on tribological properties. In the present work, bio lubricant is obtained from pure cottonseed oil (CSO). Silicon Dioxide, a useful catalyst, is used as an anti-wear additive. Oleic Acid surface-modified Silicon Dioxide (OA-SiO2) is added at 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% weight concentrations in transesterified cottonseed oil (TCSO). After the addition of OA-SiO2 nanoparticles, the improvement in the lubrication properties has been seen. A four-ball tester is used to measure the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear scar diameter (WSD) of CSO, TCSO, and additive-added TCSO as per ASTM standard D 4172. Friction and wear tests reveal that the TCSO with OA-SiO2 nanoparticles shows better tribological properties. It is observed that WSD and COF of TCSO are reduced by 11.85 % and 24.88 % respectively by adding 0.75 weight % of OA-SiO2 nanoparticles. Present work shows that TCSO, on adding OA-SiO2 additives, can be a strong alternative for mineral oil

Evaluation of Tribological Properties of Transesterified Cottonseed Oil by adding Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) as an additive

The usage of vegetable oils has increased in many applications as they possess desirable lubrication properties. However, the use is limited due to poor tribological properties. Many researchers have attempted to explore the performance of various vegetable oils and the effect of adding anti-wear additives on tribological properties. In the present work, bio lubricant is obtained from pure cottonseed oil (CSO). Silicon Dioxide, a useful catalyst, is used as an anti-wear additive. Oleic Acid surface-modified Silicon Dioxide (OA-SiO2) is added at 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% weight concentrations in transesterified cottonseed oil (TCSO). After the addition of OA-SiO2 nanoparticles, the improvement in the lubrication properties has been seen. A four-ball tester is used to measure the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear scar diameter (WSD) of CSO, TCSO, and additive-added TCSO as per ASTM standard D 4172. Friction and wear tests reveal that the TCSO with OA-SiO2 nanoparticles shows better tribological properties. It is observed that WSD and COF of TCSO are reduced by 11.85 % and 24.88 % respectively by adding 0.75 weight % of OA-SiO2 nanoparticles. Present work shows that TCSO, on adding OA-SiO2 additives, can be a strong alternative for mineral oil

Innovative Technique of Vascular Repair in Intra-Operative IVC Rupture During Lumbar Microdiscectomy: A Case Report

Background: Major vascular injury during a spinal surgery is a rare but most dreaded complication. Case Presentation: A 39 years old female undergoing microscopic lumbar discectomy suddenly developed severe hypotension on table. The procedure was abandoned and the patient turned supine. It was diagnosed to be a major vessel tear and the patient was taken up for immediate successful vascular repair. To best of our knowledge such a repair procedure has not been described in literature. Conclusions: Majority of such vascular injuries are dealt with primary repair of the defect by a vascular surgeon; however in our case the rent was big and placed on the undersurface making it very difficult for the vascular surgeon to approach or repair it primarily

Assessment of vitamin C supplementation as an adjuvant analgesic therapy and evaluating its efficacy in terms of clinical and functional outcomes in post-operative patients undergoing surgical decompression for prolapsed intervertebral lumbar disc

Background: Post-operative pain is one of the most debilitating condition following lumbar spine surgery, which negates the clinical and functional outcomes. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) due to its anti-oxidant, neuroprotective and neuromodulating properties; was evaluated to have adjuvant analgesic effects in these patients. Methods: This prospective study included 50 patients undergoing single level lumbar disectomy; randomly divided into group A (vitamin supplementation, n=25) and group B (no supplementation, n=25). Both the groups were evaluated on the follow ups for the clinical outcomes (visual analog scale-VAS score), functional outcomes (Oswestry disability index-ODI score) and total analgesia consumed. Results: Both the groups showed statistically significant improvements in clinical and functional outcomes with respect to pre-operative status. Group A showed statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement in VAS and ODI scores as compared to group B at 4th, 6th and 8th week follow up, however at 2nd and 12th week follow up the difference was found to be insignificant. Total analgesia consumed by group A patients was statistically lower than that consumed by group B patients. Conclusions: Vitamin C has analgesic effects in certain clinical conditions, thus reducing post-operative pain and improving the overall satisfaction and outcome of the surgery. It helps in bringing about the improvement in clinical as well as the functional outcome of the spine surgery and has an effective dose-sparing and adjuvant effect on the post-operative analgesia

VUV PROPERTIES OF Eu3+- DOPED YBO3 PHOSPHOR PREPARED VIA ALDO-KETO AND SOLID-STATE PROCESS

The Eu3+ doped YBO3 was prepared by the novel aldo-keto method. The structure and VUV luminescence properties of the title compound were studied and compared to the corresponding properties of the materials prepared by a conventional solid state reaction. The use of novel aldo-keto method in preparation lowered the reaction threshold temperature by c.a. 300oC. The YBO3 phosphor from the aldo-keto method look like evenly sized spherical structures, whereas those from the solid-state process look like some agglomerates of little spheres. The Eu3+-doped YBO3 phosphors prepared by both methods showed the red emission with peak around 592, 611 and 627 nm at excitations wavelengths 147 and172 nm, which corresponds to the transitions from the excited 5D0 level to the 7FJ (J = 1, 2, 3, 4) levels of Eu3+ activators. However, the emission intensity of the Eu3+ doped YBO3 from the aldo-keto system is about 2 times as much as that from the sold-state process

Unraveling the cytotoxic potential of Temozolomide loaded into PLGA nanoparticles

BACKGROUND: Nanotechnology has received great attention since a decade for the treatment of different varieties of cancer. However, there is a limited data available on the cytotoxic potential of Temozolomide (TMZ) formulations. In the current research work, an attempt has been made to understand the anti-metastatic effect of the drug after loading into PLGA nanoparticles against C6 glioma cells. Nanoparticles were prepared using solvent diffusion method and were characterized for size and morphology. Diffusion of the drug from the nanoparticles was studied by dialysis method. The designed nanoparticles were also assessed for cellular uptake using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. RESULTS: PLGA nanoparticles caused a sustained release of the drug and showed a higher cellular uptake. The drug formulations also affected the cellular proliferation and motility. CONCLUSION: PLGA coated nanoparticles prolong the activity of the loaded drug while retaining the anti-metastatic activity

Effects of intranasal administration of hormonal steroids on serum testosterone and spermatogenesis in rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)

Spraying estradiol-17β, progesterone or norethisterone intranasally in adult male rhesus monkeys (7.5-11 kg BW) at a daily dose of 30 μg/day for a period of 60 days resulted in a decrease of testicular size, arrest of spermatogenesis and a significant reduction in serum levels of testosterone. No changes were observed in the solvent-treated controls

Interactions and incompatibilities of pharmaceutical excipients with active pharmaceutical ingredients: a comprehensive review

Studies of active drug/excipient compatibility represent an important phase in the preformulation stage of the development of all dosage forms. The potential physical and chemical interactions between drugs and excipients can affect the chemical nature, the stability and bioavailability of drugs and, consequently, their therapeutic efficacy and safety. The present review covers the literature reports of interaction and incompatibilities of commonly used pharmaceutical excipients with different active pharmaceutical ingredients in solid dosage forms. Examples of active drug/excipient interactions, such as transacylation, the Maillard browning reaction, acid base reactions and physical changes are discussed for different active pharmaceutical ingredients belonging to different therapeutic categories viz antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anti-convulsant, antibiotic, bronchodialator, antimalarial, antiemetic, antiamoebic, antipsychotic, antidepressant, anticancer, anticoagulant and sedative/hypnotic drugs and vitamins. Once the solid-state reactions of a pharmaceutical system are understood, the necessary steps can be taken to avoid reactivity and improve the stability of drug substances and products