4,406 research outputs found
The Implications of British Colonial Domination on the Indian Cultural Ethos
As Indians, we invariably disremember the impact of colonial rule on our ongoing lives and outlook. The British Colonial influence successfully altered our perception of ourselves. It deprived us of the self-assurance which otherwise is overwhelmingly present in the populace which subscribes to an illustrious past. The British attacked at the core of our belief system, our sense of self-sufficiency and self-reliance. This paper aims to discuss the systematic manner in which the representatives like Thomas Babington Macaulay of the British Raj carried out their strategy of dispatching Indian knowledge and traditions to oblivion to create an impression of British pre-eminence by creating an augmented reality. The paper aims to bring forth the relevance and urgent need to revive and instill national and cultural self-esteem amongst us as Indians
Evolution of crystalline electric field effects, superconductivity, and heavy fermion behavior in the specific heat of Pr(OsRu)Sb
Specific heat measurements were made on single crystals of the
superconducting filled skutterudite series Pr(OsRu)Sb
down to 0.6 K. Crystalline electric field fits in the normal state produced
parameters which were in agreement with previous measurements. Bulk
superconductivity was observed for all values of the Ru concentration with
transition temperatures consistent with previous experiments, confirming a
minimum in at . The data below appear to be more
consistent with power law behavior for (PrOsSb), and with
exponential behavior for . An enhanced electronic
specific heat coefficient was observed for , further
supporting as a critical concentration where the physical
properties abruptly change. Significant enhancement of above
the weak coupling value was only observed for and .Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Physical Review B. v2: text added
and figures modifie
Was the Cosmic Web of Protogalactic Material Permeated by Lobes of Radio Galaxies During the Quasar Era?
Evidence for extended active lifetimes (> 10^8 yr) for radio galaxies implies
that many large radio lobes were produced during the `quasar era', 1.5 < z < 3,
when the comoving density of radio sources was 2 -- 3 dex higher than the
present level. However, inverse Compton losses against the intense microwave
background substantially reduce the ages and numbers of sources that are
detected in flux-limited surveys. The realization that the galaxy forming
material in those epochs was concentrated in filaments occupying a small
fraction of the total volume then leads to the conclusion that radio lobes
permeated much of the volume occupied by the protogalactic material during that
era. The sustained overpressure in these extended lobes is likely to have
played an important role in triggering the high inferred rate of galaxy
formation at z > 1.5 and in the magnetization of the cosmic network of
filaments.Comment: 5 pages, 0 figures, submitted to ApJ Letters; uses emulateapj
Ferromagnetic Ordering in CeIr2B2: Transport, magnetization, specific heat and NMR studies
We present a complete characterization of ferromagnetic system CeIr2B2 using
powder x-ray diffraction XRD, magnetic susceptibility chi(T), isothermal
magnetization M(H), specific heat C(T), electrical resistivity rho(T,H), and
thermoelectric power S(T) measurements. Furthermore 11B NMR study was performed
to probe the magnetism on a microscopic scale. The chi(T), C(T) and rho(T) data
confirm bulk ferromagnetic ordering with Tc = 5.1 K. Ce ions in CeIr2B2 are in
stable trivalent state. Our low-temperature C(T) data measured down to 0.4 K
yield Sommerfeld coefficient gamma = 73(4) mJ/molK2 which is much smaller than
the previously reported value of gamma = 180 mJ/molK2 deduced from the specific
heat measurement down to 2.5 K. For LaIr2B2 gamma = 6(1) mJ/molK2 which implies
the density of states at the Fermi level D(EF) = 2.54 states/(eV f.u.) for both
spin directions. The renormalization factor for quasi-particle density of
states and hence for quasi-particle mass due to 4f correlations in CeIr2B2 is
12. The Kondo temperature TK ~ 4 K is estimated from the jump in specific heat
of CeIr2B2 at Tc. Both C(T) and rho(T) data exhibit gapped-magnon behavior in
magnetically ordered state with an energy gap Eg ~ 3.5 K. The rho data as a
function of magnetic field H indicate a large negative magnetoresistance (MR)
which is highest for T = 5 K.While at 5 K the negative MR keeps on increasing
up to 10 T, at 2 K an upturn is observed near H = 3.5 T. On the other hand, the
thermoelectric power data have small absolute values (S ~ 7 {\mu}V/K)
indicating a weak Kondo interaction. A shoulder in S(T) at about 30 K followed
by a minimum at ~ 10 K is attributed to crystal electric field (CEF) effects
and the onset of magnetic ordering. 11B NMR line broadening provides strong
evidence of ferromagnetic correlations below 40 K.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figure
Magnetic Behavior in RRhX (R = rare earths; X=B, C) Compounds
We report on the magnetic behavior of RRhB (R = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb and
Tm) and RRhC (R = La, Ce, Pr and Gd) compounds crystallizing in the cubic
perovskite type structure with space group Pm3m. The heat capacity data on
Pauli-paramagnetic LaRhB and LaRhC indicate a high frequency vibrating motion
of boron and carbon atoms in the unit cell. Ce is in -like nonmagnetic state in
both the compounds. Pr compounds show a dominant crystal field effect with a
nonmagnetic singlet ground state in PrRhB and a nonmagnetic quadrupolar doublet
in PrRhC. Compounds with other rare earths order ferromagnetically at low
temperatures except TmRhB in which the zero field evolution of magnetic
interactions is relatively more complicated. The electrical resistivity of
GdRhB decreases with increasing temperature in the paramagnetic state in the
vicinity of T, which is rarely seen in ferromagnets. The behavior is discussed
to be arising due to the short range spin fluctuation and a possible
contribution from Fermi surface geometry.Comment: 14 Figs and a text fil
Synthesis, characterization and electrical properties of GO/PANI/NPs (NPs = CdSe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS) nanocomposites
In this paper, GO/PANI/NPs (NPs = CdSe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS) nanocomposites have been prepared using chemical method. The electrical properties of CdSe quantum dots, core shell nanoparticles (CdSe@CdS and CdSe@ZnS), graphene oxide/polyaniline nanocomposite (GO/PANI) and graphene oxide/polyaniline/nanoparticles (GO/PANI/NPs) nanocomposites have been measured using electrometer/high resistance meter (Keithley 6517A) at different wt% ratio. The above obtained nanoparticles (CdSe, CdSe@CdS and CdSe@ZnS) show the electrical current in nano ampere (nA) range while GO/PANI nanocomposites show the electrical current in miliampere (mA) range in the I-V measurement. The results of this study have been expected to reveal the effect of finite particle size on the conductivity of nanoparticles. The observed electrical conductivity of GO/PANI/NPs nanocomposites has been significantly reduced after the mixing of above obtained nanoparticles in different wt% ratio with GO/PANI nanocomposites. The knowledge of electrical conductivity and the effective mechanism for the conduction in nanocomposite is important for the fabrication of an electronic device such as solar cell
Effect of amino acid substitutions at the subunit interface on the stability and aggregation properties of a dimeric protein: role of Arg 178 and Arg 218 at the dimer interface of thymidylate synthase
The significance of two interface arginine residues on the structural integrity of an obligatory dimeric enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) from Lactobacillus casei was investigated by thermal and chemical denaturation. While the R178F mutant showed apparent stability to thermal denaturation by its decreased tendency to aggregate, the Tm of the R218K mutant was lowered by 5°C. Equilibrium denaturation studies in guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) and urea indicate that in both the mutants, replacement of Arg residues results in more labile quaternary and tertiary interactions. Circular dichroism studies in aqueous buffer suggest that the protein interior in R218K may be less well-packed as compared to the wild type protein. The results emphasize that quaternary interactions may influence the stability of the tertiary fold of TS. The amino acid replacements also lead to notable alteration in the ability of the unfolding intermediate of TS to aggregate. The aggregated state of partially unfolded intermediate in the R178F mutant is stable over a narrower range of denaturant concentrations. In contrast, there is an exaggerated tendency on the part of R218K to aggregate in intermediate concentrations of the denaturant. The 3 Å crystal structure of the R178F mutant reveals no major structural change as a consequence of amino acid substitution. The results may be rationalized in terms of mutational effects on both the folded and unfolded state of the protein. Site specific amino acid substitutions are useful in identifying specific regions of TS involved in association of non-native protein structures
Experiences and perceptions regarding clinical breast exam screening by trained laywomen in Malawi
Despite the increasing burden, breast cancer control in sub-Saharan Africa is insufficient. Late diagnosis and lack of early detection and screening services contribute to high mortality. Clinical breast exam (CBE) screening can be valuable in low-income countries, including use of community health workers and non-health professionals to conduct exams. We assessed experiences of women who underwent CBE screening by trained laywomen in Lilongwe, Malawi, as part of a pilot program
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