Synthesis and structure of N,N′-bis(dihexylphosphorylmethyl)-1,4-diaminobutane

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. N,N′-Bis(dihexylphosphorylmethyl)-1,4-diaminobutane has been obtained via the Kabachnik–Fields reaction. Crystal structure of its salt with nitric acid (bisphosphoryldiammonium dinitrate) has been studied

Complex resistance of spring and winter bread wheat lines to biotic and abiotic stresses

An original initial material of spring and winter bread wheat with group resistance to stem and leaf rust was developed using new donors of resistance to stem rust: winter soft wheat GT 96/90 (Bulgaria) and accession 119/4-06rw with genetic material of the species Triticum migushovae and (Aegilops speltoides and Secale cereale), respectively, a line of spring wheat 113/00i-4 obtained using the species Ae. triuncialis and T. kiharae, as well as spring accession 145/00i with genetic material of the species Ae. speltoides resistant to leaf rust. The transfer of effective Sr-genes to progeny was monitored using molecular markers. New lines underwent a field assessment of resistance to leaf and stem rust in the epiphytotic development of diseases in the Central Region of the Russian Federation, as well as in the North Caucasus and Western Siberia, and showed high resistance to these pathogens. Fourteen genotypes of spring wheat with group resistance to these diseases and parental forms that participated in the origin of the lines were evaluated for resistance to spot blotch (Cochliobolus sativus) and tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) using isolates from Kazakhstan and Omsk in laboratory conditions. A highly resistant parental form of winter soft wheat from “Arsenal” collection 119/4-06rw (wheat-Ae. speltoides-rye hybrid 2n = 42) with group resistance to two spots, four medium-resistant genotypes to both isolates of tan spot from Kazakhstan and Omsk populations of the pathogen, as well as genotypes resistant to the Omsk isolate of P. triticirepentis (parental form 113/00i-4 and lines 1-16i, 6-16i, 9-16i) were isolated. Among the lines of winter wheat, four were identified with group resistance to spot blotch and tan spot. Additionally, the stress resistance of the lines to NaCl salinization and prolonged flooding of seeds with water was evaluated at the early stages of ontogenesis in laboratory conditions. Lines 33-16i, 37-16i, 32-16i and 9-16i showed a high ability to withstand excess moisture. Lines 33-16i, 37-16i, 32-16i and 3-16i were characterized by high salt tolerance, exceeding the average of 49.7 %. Among the winter genotypes, lines were identified with increased resistance to hypoxia (37-19w, 32-19w, 16-19w, 90-19w) and with increased salt tolerance (20-19w, 9-19w, 37-19w, 90-19w), significantly exceeding the standard cv. Moskovskaya 39. The listed lines are of interest as sources of resistance to anaerobic and salt stress, as well as donors of resistance to a group of fungal diseases: leaf and stem rust and tan spot. We attribute the increased level of resistance of the new initial material to the presence of alien translocations in the original parental forms involved in the origin of the lines

The development of winter wheat lines with several genes for resistance to Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici for use in breeding programs in Russia

The aim of this research is to develop for the Russian Federation Non-Cher nozem Zone competitive prototypes of winter wheat cul tivars with several genes for resistance to stem rust (in clu ding race Ug99) based on new sources of resistance with the use of molecular markers. The individual plants and then lines of winter common wheat with several effective genes for resistance to race Ug99 of stem rust were selected by means of marker assistant selection out of hybrid combinations from the crossing of new donors of resistance to this dangerous disease. The development of initial material was based on the use of new sources of resistance to race Ug99 of stem rust from VIR and “Arsenal” collections. Three accessions of winter wheat (wheat-aegi lops-rye line 119/4-06rw, cv. Donskaya Polukarlikovaya, line GT 96|90 from Bulgaria) and one accession of spring wheat (line 113/00i-4 with genetic material from Aegilops triuncialis), which supplemented and contrasted each other in such economically valuable features as plant height, number of days before heading, resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust, were selected for hybridization and backcrossing. To accelerate the breeding process, resistant genotypes with Sr genes were selected with the use of molecular markers. As a result the lines of winter common wheat with a set of economically valuable features and the presence of two-four genes for resistance to stem rust in homozygote state were created. The spectrum of the stem rust gene combinations in the created lines differs from the gene combinations in the parental accessions involved in the crossing and is associated with the direction of the selections conducted by the marker assisted selection method. We discovered more than 20 different combinations of the Sr2, Sr22, Sr31, Sr32, Sr36, Sr39, Sr40 and Sr47 genes in winter wheat lines. The combination of Sr22 and Sr32 in homozygote state was most often found. The genotypes with a set of economically valuable features approximating or surpassing the standard cultivar of winter wheat Moskov skaya 39 were selected for further testing in breeding nurseries of the Moscow region. The developed initial material is intended for use in selection of winter wheat cultivars resistant to stem rust in different grain-sowing regions of the Russian Federation. This will serve as a barrier for spread of new races of Puccinia graminis and will raise the resistance of selected cultivars to local populations of stem rust

The development of initial material of spring common wheat for breeding for resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici), uncluding race Ug99, in Russia

Donors of resistance of common wheat to stem rust race Ug99 (breeding lines GT 96/90, 113/00i-4 and 119/4-06rw) are involved in cross breeding with the use of the step crossing and backcrossing method. While developing hybrids with the spring mode of life, donor of resistance 113/00i-4 (Sr2, Sr36, Sr39, Sr40, Sr44, Sr47) and accession 145/05i, which is resistant to leaf rust under the conditions of the RF Central Region but susceptible to Ug99, were used for backcrossing, 137 individual plants with the homozygotic state of alleles of 2–5 genes of resistance to stem rust were selected from the obtained hybrid families F4–F5 and backcross progeny BC1F3-BC2F2-BC3F2 by means of molecular markers. The progeny of these individual plants was tested in the North Caucasian and West Siberian regions of the RF for natural populations of stem and leaf rust and for powder mildew in the Central Region. The lines resistant to these diseases were estimated as to the other economically valuable features: plant height, number of days before heading, ear productivity, weight of 1,000 grains, protein and gluten content in grain, 71 spring wheat line with multiple resistance to two or three diseases and the development of best agronomic characters were selected for the Central region and 20 lines were selected for West Siberia for further testing of their competitiveness with the best varieties and lines in the breeding nurseries. As a result of the work, original source material was developed with several spring wheat resistance genes to Ug99

Current State of Natural Foci of Dangerous Infectious Diseases in the Territory of the Russian Federation

Objective of the study is to evaluate the current state of epizootic activity of natural zoonotic foci, as the basis for the development of prophylactic measures aimed at prevention of natural-focal infections during mass events. Materials and methods. Utilized have been reports from the Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan, the data provided by Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Republic of Tatarstan over the period of 2009-2014, and literature references. Results and conclusions. The most pressing natural-focal infectious diseases are hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, tick-borne borreliosis, and tick-borne viral encephalitis. Yersinioses, leptospiroses, and West Nile fever are rarely registered. Tularemia infections have not been reported within the past 20 years. The period of 2009-2013 is characterized by the decrease in the numbers of carriers and vectors of the diseases, as well as epizootic activity of natural foci, which came up to minimum values in 2013. Emerged since 2014 increment in the abundance rates of the carriers and later the vectors can lead to the increase in the incidence of natural-focal diseases. In the territory of the Republic, allocated are the spatial combination areas of natural foci of the diseases of various etiology with high risk of population exposure. Previous to conduction of mass events it is necessary to enhance the epizootiological surveillance in the natural foci, the results of which lay premises for the development of complex prophylactic activities

Становление российской онкологии до Великой Отечественной войны

The establishment of oncology as a discipline in Russia should be considered taking into account the specifics of national history, as well as key historical events. In 2020, Russia celebrates the 75th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War (World Was II). Russian oncology also celebrates its 75th anniversary. April 30, 1945 is considered the birthday of the Russian oncological service connected with the publication of a historical resolution of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR No. 935 “On measures to improve oncological care to population.”In pre-revolutionary Russia, oncological care had the character of a private initiative, rather than a well-organised process. The tsarist government did not bear responsibility for organising the fight against cancer. The Great October Socialist Revolution contributed to the organisation of the fight against malignant neoplasms at the state level, based on the decisions of party congresses and healthcare laws. This created favourable conditions for improving and expanding anticancer care to the population. Soviet scientists-enthusiasts made a significant contribution to the development of oncology in the USSR. The organisation of medical professional societies facilitated the determination of main directions in the development of oncology as a discipline in the country. By the beginning of World War II, oncology in the USSR had acquired the character of an oncological care system, implementing measures aimed at developing and transferring into clinical practice early detection methods and those of treating malignant tumours, as well as their prevention. By the beginning of World War II, this system had comprised a large number of oncological dispensaries, located in almost all the republics of the Soviet Union. However, at that moment, there was still no unity in the creation of practical oncological institutions. Neither was practiced the registration of cancer cases, their account and observation, which measures are necessary for the prevention and early diagnosis of malignant tumours and precancerous diseases.Особенности становления онкологии в России следует рассматривать с учетом своеобразия каждого этапа отечественной истории, а также основных исторических событий. В 2020 г. наша страна празднует 75-летие победы в Великой Отечественной войне. Свой 75-летний юбилей отмечает и отечественная онкология. Именно 30 апреля 1945 г. принято считать днем рождения государственной онкологической службы, связанным с выходом в свет исторического постановления Совета Народных Комиссаров СССР № 935 «О мероприятиях по улучшению онкологической помощи населению».В дореволюционной России онкология не носила организованного характера, а имела характер частной инициативы и отсутствия ответственности за организацию борьбы против рака со стороны царского правительства. Великая Октябрьская социалистическая революция способствовала организации борьбы со злокачественными новообразованиями государственно-общественного характера, основанной на решениях партийных съездов и законах о здравоохранении, что создало благоприятные условия для улучшения и расширения противораковой помощи населению. Значимый вклад в развитие онкологии в СССР внесла деятельность советских ученых-энтузиастов, а также организация врачебных обществ, позволившая определить основные направления развития онкологии в стране. К началу Великой Отечественной войны в СССР онкология приобрела характер четкой системы онкологической помощи, включающей в себя мероприятия по разработке и внедрению в клиническую практику методов раннего выявления и наиболее эффективных методов лечения злокачественных опухолей, а также их профилактики. Эта система уже к началу Великой Отечественной войны опиралась на большое количество онкологических диспансеров, расположившихся почти во всех республиках Советского Союза. Однако в создании практических онкологических учреждений единства еще не было, как и не были организованы регистрация заболевших раком, их учет и наблюдение, необходимые мероприятия по профилактике и ранней диагностике злокачественных опухолей и предраковых заболеваний на профилактических осмотрах

Synthesis and structure of N,N′-bis(dihexylphosphorylmethyl)-1,4-diaminobutane

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. N,N′-Bis(dihexylphosphorylmethyl)-1,4-diaminobutane has been obtained via the Kabachnik–Fields reaction. Crystal structure of its salt with nitric acid (bisphosphoryldiammonium dinitrate) has been studied

Synthesis and structure of N,N′-bis(dihexylphosphorylmethyl)-1,4-diaminobutane

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. N,N′-Bis(dihexylphosphorylmethyl)-1,4-diaminobutane has been obtained via the Kabachnik–Fields reaction. Crystal structure of its salt with nitric acid (bisphosphoryldiammonium dinitrate) has been studied