Radiation semiotics of disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis

The aim of the study was to optimize the radiation diagnosis and differentiation of disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis (DTL) by studying the ray lung semiotics using multislice computed tomography (MSCT), radionuclide diagnostics (RND) with the use of a radiopharmaceutical (RFP) 99mTc-technetril and identifying the most informative for disseminated tuberculosis MSCT- RIA criteria. Materials and methods. The analysis of MSCT data was performed in 67 patients who had X-ray signs of pulmonary dissemination. The study was conducted on a multislice computer tomograph Somatom Emotion 16 from Siemens. 23 patients underwent a radionuclide study with a 99mTc-technetril radiopharmaceutical on the Nucline Spirit gamma camera in the planar and single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) mode. The statistical processing of the data was carried out using the MicrosoftExcel software package. The reliability of the differences between the qualitative indices of the compared groups was determined using the χ2 criterion. Results. The distribution of foci of dissemination according to MSCT using the high resolution algorithm (HRCT) was characterized by localization of dissemination foci in the structures of the primary, secondary pulmonary lobe, perivascular and peribronchial, involvement of pleura piles of various degrees and reactive changes in the intrathoracic lymph nodes (VGLU). In 55.7% of cases, foci with DTL were distributed in intralobular structures, lobular septa and endobronchial. In 86.3%, fragmentary infiltration of axial interstitium was noted. There was also marked infiltration of pleura sheets involving extrapuleural fat tissue in 50.7% of cases. Hyperplasia of the intrathoracic lymph nodes was established in 12.5% of cases. According to planar and SPECT studies in 21.0%, the prevalence of dissemination by CT correlated with accumulation of RFP in the lungs according to planar research and topically - in VGLU according to SPECT. In 81.8% of cases of hyperplasia of lymph nodes revealed by CT, there was an accumulation of RFP by SPECT. In 42.1% of cases of limited dissemination, according to CT, there was a diffuse accumulation of RFP following the results of planar scintigraphy. Conclusion Interpretation of the obtained data, taking into account the level of damage to the structural units of the lung with the definition of activity and prevalence in the application of different radiotherapy techniques, allows to optimize the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis.Цель исследования - оптимизация лучевой диагностики и дифференциации диссеминированного туберкулеза легких (ДТЛ) посредством изучения лучевой семиотики лёгких методом мультисрезовой компьютерной томографии (МСКТ), радионуклидной диагностики (РНД) с применением радиофармпрепарата (РФП) 99mTс-технетрила и выявление наиболее информативных для диссеминированного туберкулёза МСКТ-РНД критериев. Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ данных МСКТ исследования 67 больных, у которых определялись рентгенологические признаки легочной диссеминации. Исследование проведено на мультисрезовом компьютерном томографе Somatom Emotion 16 фирмы Siemens. 23 пациентам проведено радионуклидное исследование с радиофармпрепаратом 99mTс-технетрилом на гамма-камере Nucline Spirit в планарном и однофотонном эмиссионном компьютерном томографическом (ОФЭКТ) режиме. Статистическую обработку данных осуществляли с помощью пакета программ «MicrosoftExcel». Определение достоверности различий между качественными показателями сравниваемых групп проводили с помощью критерия в2. результаты. распределение очагов диссеминации по данным МСКТ с использованием алгоритма высокого разрешения (КТВР), характеризовалось локализацией очагов диссеминации в структурах первичной, вторичной легочной дольки, периваскулярно и перибронхиально, вовлечении листков плевры различной степени и реактивными изменениями внутригрудных лимфатических узлов (ВГЛУ). В 55,7% случаев очаги при ДТЛ распространялись во внутридольковых структурах, дольковых перегородках и эндобронхиально. В 86,3% отмечалась фрагментарная инфильтрация аксиального интерстиция. отмечалась также выраженная инфильтрация листков плевры с вовлечением экстраплевральной жировой клетчатки в 50,7% случаев. Гиперплазия внутригрудных лимфатических узлов установлена в 12,5% случаев. По данным планарного и ОФЭКТ исследования в 21,0% распространенность диссеминации по КТ коррелировала с накоплением РФП в легких по данным планарного исследования и топически - во ВГЛУ по данным ОФЭКТ. В 81,8% выявленных по КТ случаях гиперплазии лимфатических узлов отмечено накопление РФП по ОФЭКТ. В 42,1% случаев ограниченной диссеминации по данным КТ отмечалось диффузное накопление РФП по результатам планарной сцинтиграфии. Заключение Интерпретация полученных данных с учетом уровня поражения структурных единиц легкого с определением активности и распространенности при применении разных лучевых методик позволяет оптимизировать диагностику и дифференциальную диагностику диссеминированного туберкулеза легких

Dental status and oxidative homeostasis state in patients exposed to occupational vibration: superoxide dismutase and catalase content in oral fluid

Aim: The aim of the research involved determination of catalase and superoxide dismutase content in oral fluid of patients exposed to occupational vibration depending upon their dental status. Materials and methods: The assessment of dental status (DS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) content in oral fluid (OF) was performed in three groups of patients: control group (n0=129) included the persons exposed to occupational vibration and whose results of combined medical examination excluded the presence of vibration disease (VD); the second (n1=63 patients with VD stage I) and the third (n1=66 patients with VD stage II) groups consisted of the patients, who underwent treatment at the clinical department of the Research Institute of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases of Kharkiv National Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. DS determination was carried out according to the method of K. M. Kosenko (Patent No. 57512, Ukraine) for in-patients and controls (during medical checkups) using the following indices: PMA, OHI-S, DMFT, with assessment of vacuum-pressory resistance of gingival capillaries (VPRC) (according to V. I. Kulazhenko) and community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN). SOD content was determined by the nonenzymatic method; CAT content was revealed spectrophotometrically. Primary data were statistically processed with the determination of accuracy by Student's test. Results: SOD content depending upon PMA intensity in VD patients ranged from 14.1±0.2 U/min to 15.7±0.5 U/min , was reliably (p2.1) and did not differ depending upon VD severity (15.7±0.5 U/min in VD stage I and 15.3±0.3 U/min in VD stage II, respectively). SOD content in OF in patients depending upon their OHI-S ranged from 13.5±0.3 U/min to 16.3±0.2 U/min and was reliably (p40 sec it was equal to 7.8±0.2 U/min, and in VPRC≤40 sec it was 8.6±0.1 U/ min) in VD stage I with decreased VPRC. Conclusions: A trend (p>0.05) towards an increase in SOD activity in VD stage I versus the controls was revealed, whereas VD stage II demonstrated a reliable (p0.05) towards an increase of SOD activity in VD stage I versus the controls was revealed, whereas VD stage II demonstrated a reliable (p<0.05) reduction of the above activity. The assessment carried out in cases requiring combined treatment with surgical or non-surgical debridement and also in patients with supraor subgingival dental calculus found out that SOD activity was reliably reduced only in cases with VD stage II. CAT activity assessment in OF in VD patients having different levels of CPITN showed that the above activity in persons requiring combined treatment (including prosthodontic treatment; CPITN≥3.1points) was markedly and reliably reduced. All the above facts determine peculiarities in oral treatment strategies for this group of patients