The Interaction of Plasma Sialylated and Desialylated Lipoproteins with Collagen from the Intima and Media of Uninvolved and Atherosclerotic Human Aorta

We have evaluated the binding of sialylated and desialylated lipoproteins to collagen isolated from the proteoglycan and musculoelastic layers of intima and media of uninvolved human aorta and atherosclerotic lesions. Comparing various collagen preparations from the uninvolved intima-media, the binding of sialylated apoB-containing lipoproteins was best to collagen from the intimal PG-rich layer. Binding of sialylated apoB-containing lipoproteins to collagen from this layer of fatty streak and fibroatheroma was 1.4- and 3.1-fold lower, respectively, in comparison with normal intima. Desialylated VLDL versus sialylated one exhibited a greater binding (1.4- to 3.0-fold) to all the collagen preparations examined. Desialylated IDL and LDL showed a higher binding than sialylated ones when collagen from the intimal layers of fibroatheroma was used. Binding of desialylated HDL to collagen from the intimal PG-rich layer of normal tissue, initial lesion, and fatty streak was 1.2- to 2.0-fold higher compared with sialylated HDL

Comparison of high order modes damping techniques for 800 MHz single cell superconducting cavities

Currently, applications of 800 MHz harmonic cavities in both bunch lengthening and shortening regimes are under consideration and discussion in the framework of the High Luminosity LHC project. In this paper we study electromagnetic characteristics of high order modes (HOM) for a single cell 800 MHz superconducting cavity and arrays of such cavities connected by drifts tubes. Different techniques for the HOM damping such as beam pipe grooves, coaxial-notch loads, fluted beam pipes etc. are investigated and compared. The influence of the sizes and geometry of the drift tubes on the HOM damping is analyzed

Analysis of macrophage transcriptome in atherogenesis

The accumulation of cholesterol under the influence of modified low density lipoprotein is a key cause of atherogenesis. It is known that atherosclerosis is accompanied by chronic local inflammation. Monocytes/macrophages, main cells of the innate immunity, may not only capturing and accumulating lipids in the vascular wall, but also secreting signaling molecules that affect the functions of other cells. An atherosclerotic lesion is characterized by the inability to complete the inflammatory response, as a result of which the inflammation becomes chronic. Intracellular lipid accumulation is a necessary condition for the initiation of atherogenesis, but it is not known whether it is sufficient. Analysis of the transcriptome allowed us to characterize the state of macrophages loaded with lipids. Studies presented in this review show that the reaction of innate immunity contributes to the accumulation of intracellular lipids and aggravates it

Diagnostic and prognostic value of low density lipoprotein-containing circulating immune complexes in atherosclerosis

Recently, it has been shown that increased level of LDL-containing circulating immune complexes (LDL-CIC) possess high diagnostic significance in clinically manifested atherosclerosis, but little is known about its diagnostic and prognostic significance in early atherosclerosis. Two-years prospective study was performed in 98 asymptomatic men aged 40–74. The rate of atherosclerosis progression was estimated by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography as the increase in intima-media thickness (IMT) of common carotid arteries. The patients with elevated baseline levels of LDL-CIC were characterized by significantly higher levels of total and LDL cholesterol as well as significantly increased mean IMT of common carotid arteries. Among all baseline lipid parameters, only LDL-CIC and LDL cholesterol were contingent with the extent of early carotid atherosclerosis (p = 0.042 and p = 0.049, respectively) and had the highest levels of relative risk and odds ratio. During the follow up, significant IMT increase was registered in 53.1% (n = 52) patients, IMT significant reduction was observed in 21.4% (n = 21) patients. The increased levels of LDL-CIC, total serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol had similar prognostic significance with the respect of atherosclerosis progression. The normal level of LDL-CIC (below than 16.0 μg/ml) was the only lipid parameter that predicted the absence of carotid atherosclerosis progression for two following years at prognostic value of 78.3%. The results of the study allow assuming that LDL-CIC level may be employed not only as a marker of early atherosclerosis, but also has a sufficient prognostic value for clinical implications